1
00:00:00,457 --> 00:00:04,973
THE FINAL SOLUTION PART 1

2
00:00:05,737 --> 00:00:10,208
Narration

3
00:00:55,457 --> 00:00:58,494
Today I don't believe
that such a thing happened.

4
00:00:58,657 --> 00:01:00,409
I think it was a dream.

5
00:01:00,737 --> 00:01:03,535
But I still see it all.

6
00:01:03,737 --> 00:01:06,649
All the details.
As if it happened today.

7
00:01:31,697 --> 00:01:34,291
I'm sitting here talking

8
00:01:34,617 --> 00:01:38,087
and I still don't believe it today
in what happened to me.

9
00:01:39,897 --> 00:01:43,776
That I can sit here
talking about this subject,

10
00:01:44,217 --> 00:01:48,005
despite the nightmares that gave me
chase not for a day or two,

11
00:01:48,177 --> 00:01:50,213
not for a year or two.

12
00:01:53,817 --> 00:01:55,728
There are days when I look back

13
00:01:55,897 --> 00:01:58,491
to see if there are any guards
or some SS man.

14
00:01:58,657 --> 00:02:02,775
But despite this,
I pretend I'm a normal person.

15
00:02:03,177 --> 00:02:05,566
I don't know if I'm normal.

16
00:02:05,737 --> 00:02:09,571
I think whoever survived
to a field cannot be normal.

17
00:02:16,537 --> 00:02:19,097
The things that happened to me

18
00:02:19,257 --> 00:02:21,817
occurred 30 or 31 years ago.

19
00:02:23,137 --> 00:02:25,776
It's not easy
return to that period.

20
00:02:32,737 --> 00:02:35,968
I'm doing this
out of a sense of duty

21
00:02:36,417 --> 00:02:39,853
and because of a vote
to honor that period.

22
00:02:41,137 --> 00:02:44,527
And for those
who can't talk about him

23
00:02:44,937 --> 00:02:48,532
and who would like the world
knew what happened.

24
00:02:52,097 --> 00:02:53,610
<i>In this film</i>

25
00:02:53,777 --> 00:02:57,736
<i>Individual witnesses speak of
his experience with Nazi racism.</i>

26
00:02:58,537 --> 00:03:01,051
<i>Auschwitz is history.</i>

27
00:03:01,537 --> 00:03:04,927
<i>Racial prejudice still exists.</i>

28
00:03:07,857 --> 00:03:10,769
<i>In 1918, men
who had gone to the front</i>

29
00:03:10,937 --> 00:03:13,167
<i>enthusiastic
with national pride,</i>

30
00:03:13,337 --> 00:03:15,976
<i>returned to Germany
defeated and bitter.</i>

31
00:03:19,417 --> 00:03:23,456
<i>These had survived. your
return was cause for celebration.</i>

32
00:03:26,017 --> 00:03:29,054
<i>But your heroism
was wasted,</i>

33
00:03:29,217 --> 00:03:31,526
<i>your victories too.</i>

34
00:03:31,937 --> 00:03:34,371
<i>Someone had to be to blame.</i>

35
00:03:35,897 --> 00:03:39,287
<i>The Kaiser and the old woman
aristocratic order?</i>

36
00:03:43,377 --> 00:03:45,937
<i>Or the communists
and the threat of a new order,</i>

37
00:03:46,097 --> 00:03:48,247
<i>recently arrived
to power in Russia?</i>

38
00:03:48,417 --> 00:03:50,931
<i>Or maybe the Jews?</i>

39
00:03:51,737 --> 00:03:55,047
<i>Their fear was so old
like Christianity itself.</i>

40
00:04:09,337 --> 00:04:11,726
<i>The Kaiser had been defeated.</i>

41
00:04:11,977 --> 00:04:15,686
<i>For the first time, Germany
It was a parliamentary democracy.</i>

42
00:04:15,897 --> 00:04:19,685
<i>But the first years of the Republic
of Weimar were violent.</i>

43
00:04:20,457 --> 00:04:24,689
<i>The communists wanted to spread
the revolution from Russia to Germany,</i>

44
00:04:24,937 --> 00:04:28,247
<i>the loyalists wanted
impose order through force</i>

45
00:04:28,417 --> 00:04:33,366
<i>and the separatists wanted to divide
the fragile unified German state.</i>

46
00:04:35,177 --> 00:04:39,056
<i>For millions of Germans
who wanted order and stability,</i>

47
00:04:39,217 --> 00:04:43,415
<i>the years after the First World War
were of national humiliation,</i>

48
00:04:43,617 --> 00:04:47,895
<i>economic misery, threats
of violence, fear of communism.</i>

49
00:04:48,377 --> 00:04:50,447
<i>Inflation was huge.</i>

50
00:04:50,657 --> 00:04:54,730
<i>People have lost trust in
your money, in your rulers,</i>

51
00:04:54,977 --> 00:04:56,808
<i>in themselves.</i>

52
00:04:58,857 --> 00:05:01,815
<i>"Nothing is anchored anymore,"</i>

53
00:05:02,177 --> 00:05:05,374
<i>said Adolf Hitler is his
first hearing in Munich.</i>

54
00:05:05,897 --> 00:05:09,048
<i>Hitler understood
Germanic anxieties.</i>

55
00:05:09,457 --> 00:05:12,893
<i>An Austrian who had fought
with distinction in the German army,</i>

56
00:05:13,057 --> 00:05:17,335
<i>promised to replace chaos
for a unifying racial struggle.</i>

57
00:05:18,657 --> 00:05:22,889
<i>Hitler wanted to accomplish
an old nationalist dream:</i>

58
00:05:23,217 --> 00:05:26,732
<i>the unity of all Germans
in a large German state.</i>

59
00:05:26,897 --> 00:05:30,526
<i>A Reich that would encompass
all German-speaking peoples.</i>

60
00:05:32,417 --> 00:05:35,090
<i>Not just the Austrians
and the East Prussians,</i>

61
00:05:35,257 --> 00:05:38,169
<i>but the Germans in the region
of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia,</i>

62
00:05:38,337 --> 00:05:40,692
<i>the Germans from Poland,
of Yugoslavia.</i>

63
00:05:40,857 --> 00:05:43,132
<i>Even the Germans in Russia.</i>

64
00:05:46,977 --> 00:05:50,447
<i>Some German politicians feared,
or said they feared,</i>

65
00:05:50,617 --> 00:05:53,814
<i>that the nation would be swallowed
by the Slavs to the East.</i>

66
00:05:53,977 --> 00:05:56,616
<i>The Nazi party demanded
new territories there,</i>

67
00:05:56,777 --> 00:05:59,928
<i>where a growing German population
if you could install it.</i>

68
00:06:01,537 --> 00:06:05,689
<i>And the Nazi program called for expulsion
of foreigners from Germany,</i>

69
00:06:05,857 --> 00:06:07,688
<i>immigrants.</i>

70
00:06:10,057 --> 00:06:14,892
<i>Paragraph 4: "Only those who are ours
compatriots can be citizens.</i>

71
00:06:15,457 --> 00:06:18,608
<i>"Only those who have German blood,
regardless of creed,</i>

72
00:06:18,777 --> 00:06:20,813
<i>"they could be our compatriots.</i>

73
00:06:20,977 --> 00:06:23,047
<i>Therefore, no Jew
could be our compatriot. "</i>

74
00:06:25,257 --> 00:06:28,613
<i>"We need a visible enemy,"
said Hitler.</i>

75
00:06:28,817 --> 00:06:31,809
<i>In Nazi publications,
the Jew was portrayed as the villain</i>

76
00:06:31,977 --> 00:06:34,775
<i>responsible for everyone
Germany's problems.</i>

77
00:06:34,937 --> 00:06:38,691
<i>"If he had not existed,
we had to invent it. "</i>

78
00:06:41,257 --> 00:06:43,896
<i>Only one in a hundred Germans was Jewish.</i>

79
00:06:44,057 --> 00:06:45,809
<i>600 thousand in total.</i>

80
00:06:45,977 --> 00:06:49,333
<i>But the Nazis could take advantage
centuries of Christian prejudice.</i>

81
00:06:49,657 --> 00:06:52,933
<i>Shylock and Fagin
They were familiar figures.</i>

82
00:06:53,177 --> 00:06:55,611
<i>Hitler used the Jew
as the only opponent,</i>

83
00:06:55,777 --> 00:06:59,736
<i>who everyone could focus on
your fear and discontent.</i>

84
00:07:03,137 --> 00:07:06,334
<i>"Jews are not wanted here."</i>

85
00:07:07,097 --> 00:07:10,214
<i>The party's ideologue,
Alfred Rosenberg,</i>

86
00:07:10,377 --> 00:07:12,527
<i>said there was
an international conspiracy</i>

87
00:07:12,697 --> 00:07:15,165
<i>of Jews,
communists and capitalists,</i>

88
00:07:15,337 --> 00:07:16,929
<i>the Elders of Zion,</i>

89
00:07:17,097 --> 00:07:21,056
<i>who wanted to destroy the races
white, especially the Germans.</i>

90
00:07:21,577 --> 00:07:24,216
<i>Most people
rejected such fantasies</i>

91
00:07:24,377 --> 00:07:26,686
<i>as examples of bad Nazi taste.</i>

92
00:07:29,297 --> 00:07:31,174
<i>The Jews of Eastern Europe</i>

93
00:07:31,337 --> 00:07:33,373
<i>there is a lot they knew
what it meant to be "different"</i>

94
00:07:33,537 --> 00:07:36,574
<i>what was discrimination,
the persecution, the pogrom.</i>

95
00:07:37,097 --> 00:07:40,214
<i>They had their own clothes
and their own language,</i>

96
00:07:40,377 --> 00:07:41,605
<i>yiddish.</i>

97
00:07:42,297 --> 00:07:44,970
<i>In the West, in the Netherlands
or in Czechoslovakia,</i>

98
00:07:45,137 --> 00:07:46,775
<i>where these films were made,</i>

99
00:07:46,937 --> 00:07:49,405
<i>to be later
integrated into Nazi propaganda,</i>

100
00:07:49,577 --> 00:07:51,807
<i>assimilation was easier,</i>

101
00:07:51,977 --> 00:07:55,413
<i>although they cannot always
join the local golf club.</i>

102
00:08:04,097 --> 00:08:07,453
<i>For centuries, Jews had
been of a different religion.</i>

103
00:08:07,697 --> 00:08:11,372
<i>Now, pseudoscience marked them
as a race apart.</i>

104
00:08:12,937 --> 00:08:16,725
<i>Nazi ideology perverted the theory
Darwin's theory of natural selection</i>

105
00:08:16,897 --> 00:08:20,492
<i>to assert that the man of the North
of Europe, the Aryan, was superior,</i>

106
00:08:20,657 --> 00:08:23,376
<i>but he was trapped,
in the fight for survival,</i>

107
00:08:23,537 --> 00:08:27,974
<i>by inferior races: Asians,
blacks, gypsies and Jews.</i>

108
00:08:28,377 --> 00:08:29,890
<i>The anti-race.</i>

109
00:08:30,177 --> 00:08:34,056
<i>Bacteria that decomposed the
bodies of the nations in which they lived.</i>

110
00:08:36,737 --> 00:08:39,729
<i>The person who should be admired
according to Nazi propaganda

111
00:08:39,897 --> 00:08:41,933
<i>he was the German peasant.</i>

112
00:08:42,097 --> 00:08:45,134
<i>Peasant art, popular art,
it was not corrupted.</i>

113
00:08:45,297 --> 00:08:48,289
<i>It was the last survival
of racial, tribal culture</i>

114
00:08:48,457 --> 00:08:51,290
<i>before pollution
of the Industrial Revolution.</i>

115
00:08:59,137 --> 00:09:01,492
<i>Simple traditions
comforted people

116
00:09:01,657 --> 00:09:03,966
<i>who felt lost
in anonymous cities</i>

117
00:09:04,137 --> 00:09:06,731
<i>or confused by
more modern customs.</i>

118
00:09:17,417 --> 00:09:19,692
<i>To the public, Hitler said:</i>

119
00:09:19,937 --> 00:09:24,169
<i>"A reasonable anti-Semitism has
leading to the expulsion of the Jews. "</i>

120
00:09:25,377 --> 00:09:29,165
<i>And the hatred for the Jews
united the factions of the Nazi party:</i>

121
00:09:31,337 --> 00:09:34,374
<i>the SA, the storm troops
of the party,</i>

122
00:09:34,537 --> 00:09:36,687
<i>street thugs in uniform,</i>

123
00:09:36,857 --> 00:09:40,247
<i>and the party's internal police,
the SS.</i>

124
00:09:41,297 --> 00:09:44,448
<i>In 1929, Hitler appointed
a simple worker</i>

125
00:09:44,617 --> 00:09:46,653
<i>at the party delegation in Munich,</i>

126
00:09:46,817 --> 00:09:49,570
<i>a former laboratory assistant
of a fertilizer company,</i>

127
00:09:49,737 --> 00:09:51,967
<i>as director of the SS,</i>

128
00:09:52,977 --> 00:09:54,808
<i>Heinrich Himmler.</i>

129
00:09:59,097 --> 00:10:01,053
<i>When Himmler held office,</i>

130
00:10:01,217 --> 00:10:04,368
<i>the SS were a subsection of the
assault troops with 300 men,</i>

131
00:10:04,537 --> 00:10:07,210
<i>whose function was to protect Hitler
in public meetings.</i>

132
00:10:07,457 --> 00:10:10,494
<i>Himmler was going to transform them
in the party elite,</i>

133
00:10:10,657 --> 00:10:14,775
<i>responsible for purity, moral
and discipline of the entire movement.</i>

134
00:10:15,417 --> 00:10:19,251
<i>They would stand out from SA as
the most powerful force in the party.</i>

135
00:10:34,537 --> 00:10:36,334
<i>During the 1920s</i>

136
00:10:36,497 --> 00:10:39,648
<i>the Nazis were a minor party
in German politics.</i>

137
00:10:39,817 --> 00:10:42,377
<i>Your ideas
were not taken seriously.</i>

138
00:11:06,377 --> 00:11:10,086
<i>But, in 1929,
the world economy sank.</i>

139
00:11:23,137 --> 00:11:26,527
<i>To Germany, after years
of terrible inflation,</i>

140
00:11:26,697 --> 00:11:30,736
<i>it was a new disaster. There was
six million unemployed,</i>

141
00:11:31,177 --> 00:11:34,089
<i>more than 20 million lived
unemployment benefit.</i>

142
00:11:34,257 --> 00:11:37,613
<i>People started to think
that maybe Hitler was right.</i>

143
00:11:37,857 --> 00:11:42,089
<i>Germany should be a victim
of an international conspiracy.</i>

144
00:11:48,857 --> 00:11:52,566
<i>The Nazis said they had
a new hope of salvation.</i>

145
00:11:53,617 --> 00:11:57,371
<i>Millions were ready to respond
to Hitler's emotional appeal:</i>

146
00:11:57,577 --> 00:11:59,488
<i>a resurgence of German greatness,</i>

147
00:11:59,657 --> 00:12:02,933
<i>based on ethnic pride,
in loyalty to his race.</i>

148
00:12:05,817 --> 00:12:07,614
<i>For those who lived in poverty,</i>

149
00:12:07,777 --> 00:12:10,450
<i>it was inspiring to hear
who were the supreme race</i>

150
00:12:10,617 --> 00:12:14,576
<i>and that Jews, Gypsies, Slavs
and blacks were subspecies.</i>

151
00:12:14,857 --> 00:12:17,132
<i>It appealed to
think better of them,</i>

152
00:12:17,297 --> 00:12:19,492
<i>thinking worse about others.</i>

153
00:12:24,697 --> 00:12:27,336
<i>Maybe democracy
had failed.</i>

154
00:12:27,657 --> 00:12:31,491
<i>Maybe it was a matter of time
even an authoritarian government,</i>

155
00:12:31,657 --> 00:12:34,376
<i>Nazi or communist,
rise to power.</i>

156
00:12:37,977 --> 00:12:42,255
<i>The respectable people who lined up
to recover assets from banks</i>

157
00:12:42,417 --> 00:12:45,568
<i>I would always be afraid
of revolutionary communists.</i>

158
00:12:45,777 --> 00:12:49,406
<i>The middle classes, ruined
by forces they had no control over,</i>

159
00:12:49,577 --> 00:12:52,011
<i>responded to Nazi promises:</i>

160
00:12:52,177 --> 00:12:56,853
<i>an ordered society, unity
national, end of class struggle.</i>

161
00:12:59,097 --> 00:13:02,487
<i>There would be no more chaos.
Just order.</i>

162
00:13:08,497 --> 00:13:12,251
<i>Karl Wolff came
from a distinguished military family.</i>

163
00:13:12,417 --> 00:13:14,169
<i>Lost his job as an officer</i>

164
00:13:14,337 --> 00:13:17,295
<i>when the Allies forced
Germany to reduce the army.</i>

165
00:13:17,457 --> 00:13:20,255
<i>In 1929, he was 29 years old.</i>

166
00:13:24,297 --> 00:13:26,527
In the late 1920s,

167
00:13:27,977 --> 00:13:31,731
an old comrade
of my guard regiment,

168
00:13:32,137 --> 00:13:35,652
Captain Julius von Bernuth,
went to Munich

169
00:13:36,537 --> 00:13:41,053
and explained the conditions to me
in a communist regime.

170
00:13:47,777 --> 00:13:51,850
He explained to me that everything would take
to a big decision.

171
00:13:52,057 --> 00:13:55,015
Or to the far right,
National Socialism,

172
00:13:55,257 --> 00:13:57,612
or to the far left,
communism.

173
00:13:58,417 --> 00:14:00,328
And he asked me:

174
00:14:00,617 --> 00:14:04,053
"You volunteered
to war too soon, wasn't it?

175
00:14:04,217 --> 00:14:09,007
"Now that there is a political decision
to be taken that will affect the future,

176
00:14:09,297 --> 00:14:11,936
"yours, your family's
and your children,

177
00:14:12,097 --> 00:14:15,089
"you also have
to sign up for the party,

178
00:14:15,257 --> 00:14:19,375
Even if you don't want to get involved
politics or that doesn't interest you."

179
00:14:20,817 --> 00:14:22,887
And that's how it happened.

180
00:14:23,057 --> 00:14:26,254
In 1931, I signed up for the party.

181
00:14:33,617 --> 00:14:37,053
At that time, I only knew SA.

182
00:14:37,217 --> 00:14:40,766
I had no idea
of the existence of the SS.

183
00:14:50,417 --> 00:14:53,727
At the entrance, there was
a huge desk.

184
00:14:53,977 --> 00:14:57,287
There were people sitting there
with party uniforms,

185
00:14:57,457 --> 00:15:01,496
which were not yet familiar to me.
They asked me what I wanted.

186
00:15:01,777 --> 00:15:05,895
I explained to them and said
who wanted to go to SA.

187
00:15:06,097 --> 00:15:09,646
The person in charge asked me:
"Were you a soldier?"

188
00:15:09,817 --> 00:15:12,012
And I said yes.

189
00:15:12,217 --> 00:15:15,254
"- In the First World War?
- Yes.

190
00:15:16,217 --> 00:15:19,527
"- Was he decorated for bravery?
- Yes.

191
00:15:19,897 --> 00:15:21,569
What do you have?"

192
00:15:21,737 --> 00:15:25,332
He said he had an Iron Cross
first and second class

193
00:15:25,497 --> 00:15:28,569
and who had served
in the Hessian guard regiment.

194
00:15:28,737 --> 00:15:33,049
Then he said, "If you served
in such a glorious regiment

195
00:15:33,257 --> 00:15:35,817
"and if you were a soldier at the front,

196
00:15:35,977 --> 00:15:38,411
"then your place
It's not in SA.

197
00:15:38,577 --> 00:15:42,206
"Just as there was an elite guard
in the time of the Kaiser,

198
00:15:42,377 --> 00:15:46,211
"There is also now one in the new
movement you want to join.

199
00:15:46,657 --> 00:15:49,808
"It's the SS.

200
00:15:50,697 --> 00:15:53,131
"is more appropriate for you.

201
00:15:53,297 --> 00:15:54,969
I should go to the SS."

202
00:16:02,137 --> 00:16:05,015
<i>The SS in which Karl Wolff
joined</i>

203
00:16:05,177 --> 00:16:08,055
<i>they were the black order
of Nazi cavalry.</i>

204
00:16:08,217 --> 00:16:11,414
<i>The motto was:
"My oath is loyalty."</i>

205
00:16:11,577 --> 00:16:14,216
<i>The insignia was the Head of Death.</i>

206
00:16:14,537 --> 00:16:17,813
<i>Their black uniform
symbolized his ideals:</i>

207
00:16:18,017 --> 00:16:22,374
<i>severity, terror, the cult
of the conquering superman.</i>

208
00:16:23,217 --> 00:16:26,050
<i>In "Mein Kampf",
Hitler had written:</i>

209
00:16:26,217 --> 00:16:30,290
<i>"As National Socialists, we see
our program on our flag.</i>

210
00:16:30,617 --> 00:16:33,529
<i>"Red represents
the social idea of the movement.</i>

211
00:16:33,697 --> 00:16:36,257
<i>"White, the nationalist idea.</i>

212
00:16:36,417 --> 00:16:40,774
<i>"The swastika represents the mission
of the struggle for Aryan victory</i>

213
00:16:40,937 --> 00:16:45,010
<i>"and also the victory of the idea
of creative work</i>

214
00:16:45,177 --> 00:16:49,534
<i>which has always been
and will always be anti-Semitic. "</i>

215
00:16:59,897 --> 00:17:01,888
<i>In January 1933,</i>

216
00:17:02,057 --> 00:17:05,766
<i>President Von Hindenburg
invited Hitler to form a government.</i>

217
00:17:06,097 --> 00:17:08,850
<i>The Nazis celebrated in Berlin.</i>

218
00:17:09,017 --> 00:17:10,814
<i>Hitler told his friends</i>

219
00:17:10,977 --> 00:17:14,936
<i>which was the beginning of the greatest revolution
Germanic racial background of history,</i>

220
00:17:15,097 --> 00:17:17,975
<i>reversing progress
of the colored races:</i>

221
00:17:18,137 --> 00:17:21,607
<i>Mongols, Slavs, Jews,
Gypsies and Bolsheviks.</i>

222
00:17:25,257 --> 00:17:28,488
<i>Hitler led
a fragile right-wing coalition.</i>

223
00:17:28,657 --> 00:17:31,455
<i>Nazi ministers had no
government experience</i>

224
00:17:31,617 --> 00:17:33,528
<i>and its racial policies</i>

225
00:17:33,697 --> 00:17:36,006
<i>could be blocked
by public officials.</i>

226
00:17:36,177 --> 00:17:38,975
<i>In fact, these were
looking forward to cooperating.</i>

227
00:17:40,657 --> 00:17:42,375
<i>The Minister of the Interior, Goering,</i>

228
00:17:42,537 --> 00:17:44,493
<i>underlined the new priorities
of the government.</i>

229
00:17:45,017 --> 00:17:48,293
I will do a total cleaning
with an iron broom

230
00:17:48,457 --> 00:17:50,812
and I will expel them from their positions

231
00:17:50,977 --> 00:17:53,650
those who, through
of red and black supports,

232
00:17:53,817 --> 00:17:58,049
tried to suppress
the entire national resurgence.

233
00:17:58,657 --> 00:18:01,330
A force
particularly destructive

234
00:18:01,497 --> 00:18:04,216
walks loose among people
of the Reich: communism.

235
00:18:04,377 --> 00:18:06,971
I declared war on this movement.

236
00:18:08,777 --> 00:18:12,326
<i>On February 27th,
the Reichstag, the parliament,</i>

237
00:18:12,497 --> 00:18:15,250
<i>it was mysteriously destroyed
in a fire.</i>

238
00:18:15,417 --> 00:18:17,851
<i>It was the excuse
that Goering needed.</i>

239
00:18:18,017 --> 00:18:20,008
<i>Issued emergency decree</i>

240
00:18:20,177 --> 00:18:22,645
<i>to fight
the threat of revolution.</i>

241
00:18:22,817 --> 00:18:25,854
<i>The SS and SA,
now with police functions,</i>

242
00:18:26,017 --> 00:18:29,612
<i>took into protective custody
all subversive elements,</i>

243
00:18:29,777 --> 00:18:32,337
<i>specifically
communists, anarchists,

244
00:18:32,497 --> 00:18:35,489
<i>social democrats
and their active supporters.</i>

245
00:18:37,257 --> 00:18:41,330
<i>The detention centers passed
called concentration camps.</i>

246
00:18:41,497 --> 00:18:42,771
<i>In weeks,</i>

247
00:18:42,937 --> 00:18:45,895
<i>30 thousand political opponents
of Hitler went there.</i>

248
00:18:46,057 --> 00:18:49,527
<i>Hitler had granted himself powers
emergency indefinitely.</i>

249
00:18:59,857 --> 00:19:01,051
<i>In April</i>

250
00:19:01,217 --> 00:19:04,892
<i>the SS and SA boycotted
national to Jewish stores.</i>

251
00:19:05,057 --> 00:19:07,252
<i>An exercise in propaganda
to unite the country,</i>

252
00:19:07,417 --> 00:19:10,489
<i>focusing attention
in the universal enemy.</i>

253
00:19:10,737 --> 00:19:14,446
<i>A good Aryan German should show
its essential Germanism</i>

254
00:19:14,617 --> 00:19:17,689
<i>through acts against the Jews,
the anti-race.</i>

255
00:19:20,257 --> 00:19:21,656
<i>In one week</i>

256
00:19:21,817 --> 00:19:26,129
<i>laws emerged that did not allow
non-Aryan public servants.</i>

257
00:19:26,297 --> 00:19:29,289
<i>The professions of doctor, lawyer,
scientist and teacher</i>

258
00:19:29,457 --> 00:19:32,529
<i>they would also not be
exercised by Jews.</i>

259
00:19:34,377 --> 00:19:38,006
<i>50 thousand Jews were taken
leaving Germany.</i>

260
00:19:40,137 --> 00:19:43,254
<i>But these manifestations
were not a complete success.</i>

261
00:19:43,417 --> 00:19:46,409
<i>There were people who stayed
sorry for the Jews.</i>

262
00:19:46,577 --> 00:19:49,933
<i>The leaders of the 500 thousand Jews
who were still in Germany</i>

263
00:19:50,097 --> 00:19:52,327
<i>formed an organization
to try to convince the Nazis</i>

264
00:19:52,497 --> 00:19:54,931
<i>that they also
They were loyal Germans.</i>

265
00:20:03,297 --> 00:20:07,006
<i>Sigmund Weltlinger,
a broker on the Berlin Stock Exchange,</i>

266
00:20:07,457 --> 00:20:09,652
<i>he was a Jew with influence.</i>

267
00:20:16,977 --> 00:20:20,367
Unfortunately, I was not
a prophet in this situation.

268
00:20:20,577 --> 00:20:23,011
I completely trusted
in my German compatriots

269
00:20:23,177 --> 00:20:25,293
based on long years
of experience,

270
00:20:25,457 --> 00:20:28,335
since previous years
 � First World War.

271
00:20:28,497 --> 00:20:31,409
I couldn't imagine
for a people to change so much.

272
00:20:31,577 --> 00:20:34,296
I thought there was no
any personal threat,

273
00:20:34,457 --> 00:20:36,607
to my body or my life.

274
00:20:36,777 --> 00:20:40,770
I thought I would overcome
all that. I didn't run away.

275
00:20:44,857 --> 00:20:47,132
<i>May 10, 1933.</i>

276
00:20:47,537 --> 00:20:51,246
<i>The SS, the SA, teachers and students
collected books</i>

277
00:20:51,417 --> 00:20:54,853
<i>which was thought "not to be
within the national spirit."</i>

278
00:20:55,177 --> 00:20:59,170
<i>The works of Lenin, Freud,
Heinrich Mann and Marx</i>

279
00:20:59,337 --> 00:21:03,216
<i>they were burned in a public event
of cultural purification.</i>

280
00:21:03,657 --> 00:21:06,649
<i>In the new State,
the intellect was suspect,</i>

281
00:21:06,817 --> 00:21:09,012
<i>sounded like something Jewish.</i>

282
00:21:09,177 --> 00:21:11,975
<i>What was needed
it was blind obedience.</i>

283
00:21:12,137 --> 00:21:15,174
<i>The intellect rots
character, said Himmler.</i>

284
00:21:15,777 --> 00:21:17,813
<i>The Minister of Propaganda, Goebbels.</i>

285
00:21:19,617 --> 00:21:21,448
The era

286
00:21:22,137 --> 00:21:26,415
of Jewish intellectualism
exaggerated came to an end.

287
00:21:27,457 --> 00:21:30,654
With our German revolution,

288
00:21:31,577 --> 00:21:35,172
we pave the way
for German customs.

289
00:21:35,977 --> 00:21:38,207
The German of the future

290
00:21:38,897 --> 00:21:42,048
it will not just be
a man of books,

291
00:21:42,217 --> 00:21:44,970
but also a man of character.

292
00:21:48,697 --> 00:21:50,130
<i>Behind the scenes</i>

293
00:21:50,297 --> 00:21:53,448
<i>the SS became the body
most feared in the State.</i>

294
00:21:53,617 --> 00:21:56,290
<i>To replace
SA's occasional brutality,</i>

295
00:21:56,457 --> 00:21:59,449
<i>introduced a terror
cold and calculated.</i>

296
00:21:59,617 --> 00:22:01,209
<i>Hitler had said:</i>

297
00:22:01,377 --> 00:22:04,255
<i>"If propaganda instilled
an idea to a people,</i>

298
00:22:04,417 --> 00:22:08,854
<i>the organization can infer
consequences with some men. "</i>

299
00:22:09,017 --> 00:22:11,406
<i>The SS were
this handful of men.</i>

300
00:22:11,777 --> 00:22:16,009
After coming to power,
Himmler invited me personally:

301
00:22:16,177 --> 00:22:20,773
"I need you. I want to create
an Order of Knights of the SS.

302
00:22:21,177 --> 00:22:23,771
"For this,
I need an elite guard

303
00:22:23,937 --> 00:22:26,371
"and I want to create
a troop active in the SS.

304
00:22:26,537 --> 00:22:30,132
"Unfortunately, I never fought
at the front and I was not an officer,

305
00:22:30,297 --> 00:22:32,208
"I need someone who has been.

306
00:22:32,377 --> 00:22:34,413
"The Army doesn't give me
no one qualified,

307
00:22:34,577 --> 00:22:36,408
much out of envy."

308
00:22:37,537 --> 00:22:40,529
I let myself be convinced

309
00:22:40,937 --> 00:22:43,531
and then, by fate,

310
00:22:43,697 --> 00:22:47,007
I became a helper
of Himmler in the SS.

311
00:22:58,177 --> 00:23:01,453
There was a great
field of activity,

312
00:23:01,617 --> 00:23:04,814
organizing and directing
without anyone controlling me.

313
00:23:04,977 --> 00:23:08,572
And so I went up very quickly.

314
00:23:30,337 --> 00:23:34,012
<i>In power, the Nazis could employ
all media features</i>

315
00:23:34,177 --> 00:23:37,169
<i>to promote racial renaissance
what they believed.</i>

316
00:23:37,337 --> 00:23:38,690
<i>Hitler said:</i>

317
00:23:38,857 --> 00:23:42,850
<i>"Whoever sees National Socialism
just as a political movement</i>

318
00:23:43,017 --> 00:23:47,090
<i>"you don't know anything about him.
It's even more than a religion.</i>

319
00:23:47,297 --> 00:23:50,255
<i>� at will
to create a new man. "</i>

320
00:23:51,017 --> 00:23:53,406
<i>The SS would show the way.</i>

321
00:24:03,017 --> 00:24:06,009
Himmler wanted to make a dream come true

322
00:24:06,177 --> 00:24:09,010
and he himself was
very influenced by him.

323
00:24:09,097 --> 00:24:13,534
He would be the creator of a new
awakening of the Germanic race

324
00:24:13,697 --> 00:24:15,494
among the German people,

325
00:24:18,017 --> 00:24:21,373
which, due to the many
lost wars in the Middle Ages,

326
00:24:21,537 --> 00:24:26,406
had been invaded by strains
East, West and South,

327
00:24:26,657 --> 00:24:31,287
who had mixed
and tarnished the Germanic blond ideal.

328
00:24:43,457 --> 00:24:47,291
<i>The dream, as shown in films
like "Blood and Soil",</i>

329
00:24:47,457 --> 00:24:49,812
<i>it was simple but seductive.</i>

330
00:24:49,977 --> 00:24:52,855
<i>Idealized with unchanged values
of the country,</i>

331
00:24:53,017 --> 00:24:54,973
<i>of a natural life
based on fresh air,</i>

332
00:24:55,137 --> 00:24:58,015
<i>in good food and loyalty
towards the family.</i>

333
00:24:58,177 --> 00:25:01,726
<i>It emphasized the essential nobility
of the blond German peasant.</i>

334
00:25:01,937 --> 00:25:05,725
<i>His blood was rich and fertile as
the German soil he tilled.</i>

335
00:25:24,057 --> 00:25:27,333
<i>In cities, the birth rate
was inferior to the field.</i>

336
00:25:37,617 --> 00:25:39,812
<i>The city was rigid, impersonal,</i>

337
00:25:39,977 --> 00:25:43,208
<i>mechanized, cosmopolitan,
dirty and soiled.</i>

338
00:25:43,377 --> 00:25:46,494
<i>The Nazis could not restrict
the movement of the earth,</i>

339
00:25:46,657 --> 00:25:50,411
<i>but they denounced the cities
as "centers of racial chaos,</i>

340
00:25:50,577 --> 00:25:53,250
<i>"suitable to the characteristics
Jewish specials</i>

341
00:25:53,417 --> 00:25:56,454
<i>that gave them the possibility
to advance in life. "</i>

342
00:26:01,617 --> 00:26:05,576
<i>The rallies always spoke
of the true people, of the peasants.</i>

343
00:26:08,057 --> 00:26:12,369
<i>Hitler had written: "A State which,
in this age of racial poisoning,</i>

344
00:26:12,537 --> 00:26:16,052
<i>"is dedicated to taking care of its
better racial elements,</i>

345
00:26:16,217 --> 00:26:19,129
<i>one day he will be master of the world. "</i>

346
00:26:29,737 --> 00:26:32,376
<i>Nazism was political biology.</i>

347
00:26:32,697 --> 00:26:36,656
<i>Films were made to prove the
Darwin's laws of natural selection,</i>

348
00:26:36,817 --> 00:26:38,808
<i>survival of the fittest.</i>

349
00:26:40,697 --> 00:26:43,973
Could it be that one of the Lucans
Will he be killed in the fight?

350
00:26:44,137 --> 00:26:46,446
It's the most likely.
But we need it for the film.

351
00:26:46,737 --> 00:26:51,686
We are forcing these
beautiful animals fighting for their lives.

352
00:26:52,377 --> 00:26:55,369
They could have continued
to live peacefully.

353
00:26:55,857 --> 00:26:58,325
But, my dear Fr�ulein Volkman,

354
00:26:58,497 --> 00:27:02,854
no one has a peaceful life
nowhere in nature.

355
00:27:03,017 --> 00:27:05,975
But, teacher,
not everyone fights with others.

356
00:27:06,737 --> 00:27:08,728
Maybe not like that,

357
00:27:08,897 --> 00:27:11,695
but everyone lives
in a constant struggle,

358
00:27:11,857 --> 00:27:14,530
in which the weakest is destroyed.

359
00:27:15,057 --> 00:27:17,890
The sick bird
It is caught by the cat.

360
00:27:18,857 --> 00:27:21,769
Fights occur
within the same species

361
00:27:21,937 --> 00:27:24,690
and the weakest is defeated.

362
00:27:25,977 --> 00:27:28,730
They have a proper racial policy!

363
00:27:29,017 --> 00:27:31,008
In a way, yes.

364
00:27:31,177 --> 00:27:34,294
Although this selection occurs
in a more instinctive way.

365
00:27:34,457 --> 00:27:37,415
If an animal has lost
direct contact with nature,

366
00:27:37,577 --> 00:27:40,649
so this natural selection
no longer occurs.

367
00:27:40,817 --> 00:27:42,694
That's the problem
of our domestic animals.

368
00:27:42,857 --> 00:27:45,769
The breeder has to make sure
that the species remains pure.

369
00:28:00,497 --> 00:28:02,931
<i>The horses,
the film continues explaining,</i>

370
00:28:03,097 --> 00:28:05,008
<i>are created
for different functions:</i>

371
00:28:05,177 --> 00:28:07,691
<i>to run
or to work in the field.</i>

372
00:28:07,857 --> 00:28:11,133
<i>These ideas should also
be extended to humans.</i>

373
00:28:11,537 --> 00:28:14,176
<i>The fight for survival
demanded a healthy youth,</i>

374
00:28:14,337 --> 00:28:15,929
<i>of pure blood.</i>

375
00:28:16,617 --> 00:28:20,132
<i>Love between races
It wasn't natural.</i>

376
00:28:20,457 --> 00:28:23,688
<i>Hitler said he wanted
"the rebirth of the nation</i>

377
00:28:23,857 --> 00:28:26,655
<i>through deliberate creation
of a new man. "</i>

378
00:28:26,977 --> 00:28:29,411
<i>The SS would initiate
to this project.</i>

379
00:28:36,657 --> 00:28:40,093
There was great care
not measuring the height,

380
00:28:40,257 --> 00:28:44,170
in the shape of the skull and in the registration
exact hair color,

381
00:28:44,337 --> 00:28:47,647
eye color and,
in certain circumstances,

382
00:28:47,817 --> 00:28:49,728
the ears and chin.

383
00:28:49,897 --> 00:28:52,172
All these kinds of things.

384
00:28:54,057 --> 00:28:56,810
Selecting together,

385
00:28:56,977 --> 00:28:59,889
we could then wait
for development.

386
00:29:00,737 --> 00:29:03,774
But there was just
positive racial thinking:

387
00:29:03,937 --> 00:29:06,815
how to improve something,
how to create it.

388
00:29:07,057 --> 00:29:10,254
Never in thought.
Nobody ever talked about it

389
00:29:10,417 --> 00:29:13,011
and it never occurred to us
that we spoke arrogantly

390
00:29:13,177 --> 00:29:17,170
to exterminate someone
who was not born with white skin,

391
00:29:17,337 --> 00:29:20,295
what was
culturally inferior to us

392
00:29:20,457 --> 00:29:22,971
or that it was undesirable.

393
00:29:23,297 --> 00:29:26,095
It was a development
frighteningly degenerate

394
00:29:26,257 --> 00:29:28,646
that just appeared
due to the pressures of war,

395
00:29:28,817 --> 00:29:31,934
with all the other degeneration
that war causes.

396
00:29:38,377 --> 00:29:41,414
<i>In Nuremberg,
in September 1935,</i>

397
00:29:41,577 --> 00:29:44,091
<i>the Nazis announced racial laws.</i>

398
00:29:45,417 --> 00:29:47,612
<i>The Reich Citizenship Act</i>

399
00:29:47,777 --> 00:29:51,326
<i>and the Blood Protection Act
German and German Honor.</i>

400
00:29:51,617 --> 00:29:55,166
<i>Goering declared the end of
Jewish political rights.</i>

401
00:29:55,337 --> 00:29:59,535
<i>Marriage or sex between Jews and
people of German or allied blood

402
00:29:59,697 --> 00:30:04,088
<i>was prohibited in the interests of
"survival of the German race."</i>

403
00:30:22,217 --> 00:30:24,651
<i>The breed was taught at school.</i>

404
00:30:24,857 --> 00:30:27,325
<i>Nazi drawings
in school books</i>

405
00:30:27,497 --> 00:30:29,931
<i>compared
the strong and hard-working Aries</i>

406
00:30:30,097 --> 00:30:32,452
<i>with the lazy and dishonest Jew.</i>

407
00:30:36,737 --> 00:30:39,046
<i>For young people,
the party organized camps</i>

408
00:30:39,217 --> 00:30:42,015
<i>who encouraged a spirit
active and enjoy the outdoors.</i>

409
00:30:42,177 --> 00:30:44,168
<i>Young people from the bad streets of cities</i>

410
00:30:44,337 --> 00:30:47,454
<i>learned to be proud
of healthy Aryan bodies.</i>

411
00:30:47,617 --> 00:30:50,575
<i>Behind the jokes, there was
Hitler's dream of a youth</i>

412
00:30:50,737 --> 00:30:53,376
<i>"that proved
the magnificence of the predator,</i>

413
00:30:53,537 --> 00:30:56,734
<i>purged of all
Christian mildness is unnatural. "</i>

414
00:31:05,697 --> 00:31:10,009
<i>It was said that Himmler was like
a rural school director.</i>

415
00:31:10,537 --> 00:31:14,052
<i>I was moved just by seeing
healthy blonde children.</i>

416
00:31:14,697 --> 00:31:18,485
<i>Created shelters for
illegitimate children of their men.</i>

417
00:31:18,657 --> 00:31:20,568
<i>Later,
when the war began,</i>

418
00:31:20,737 --> 00:31:23,171
<i>asked them,
with the deepest fervor,</i>

419
00:31:23,337 --> 00:31:26,135
<i>beget more children
outside their marriages</i>

420
00:31:26,297 --> 00:31:29,289
<i>to increase the quantity
of good German blood.</i>

421
00:31:36,377 --> 00:31:40,256
<i>In the new German state,
everyone admired the SS.</i>

422
00:31:48,937 --> 00:31:53,408
The SS were the guard of the movement,
the militant arm of the movement.

423
00:31:54,097 --> 00:31:56,406
And, as it was an elite,

424
00:31:56,577 --> 00:31:58,647
we are physically and racially,

425
00:31:58,817 --> 00:32:01,536
but also
in terms of character,

426
00:32:01,697 --> 00:32:03,813
It could only be a minority.

427
00:32:08,417 --> 00:32:12,456
As for the basic requirements,
to get an idea,

428
00:32:13,137 --> 00:32:16,925
they should be as blonde as possible
and have blue eyes.

429
00:32:30,857 --> 00:32:33,690
There had to be
a rigid selection,

430
00:32:33,857 --> 00:32:36,655
that had to be
encouraged and controlled.

431
00:32:36,817 --> 00:32:41,368
The SS men, the elected ones, do not
They could marry whoever they wanted.

432
00:32:42,097 --> 00:32:44,565
Women should be your equals,

433
00:32:44,737 --> 00:32:47,490
so they could then procreate

434
00:32:47,657 --> 00:32:50,569
the old Teutons
racially pure.

435
00:32:51,137 --> 00:32:55,255
For example, an SS man
I couldn't get married anyway.

436
00:32:55,417 --> 00:32:57,726
I had to deliver
the wedding form,

437
00:32:57,897 --> 00:33:00,650
your future bride,
your girlfriend,

438
00:33:00,817 --> 00:33:04,810
had to be seen by a doctor from the
Department of Race and Relocation

439
00:33:04,977 --> 00:33:07,093
to see if she was suitable.

440
00:33:07,257 --> 00:33:10,135
Only after that and having permission
It's that he could get married.

441
00:33:34,177 --> 00:33:37,772
Himmler was the executioner
privileged of the will

442
00:33:37,937 --> 00:33:41,293
and the decisions of your Fÿhrer,
Adolf Hitler,

443
00:33:41,657 --> 00:33:43,488
which he idolized.

444
00:33:51,857 --> 00:33:54,690
Starting with Hitler's conception

445
00:33:54,857 --> 00:33:57,246
who faced Christianity

446
00:33:57,417 --> 00:34:00,932
like a disease
in Germanic nature,

447
00:34:01,417 --> 00:34:03,453
he considered it his duty,

448
00:34:03,617 --> 00:34:08,247
not just renew and improve
the Germanic race as much as possible,

449
00:34:09,017 --> 00:34:12,248
but also renew
and improve religion.

450
00:34:21,297 --> 00:34:24,209
And take them back,
step by step,

451
00:34:24,377 --> 00:34:26,766
to a new species
of recognition of God

452
00:34:26,937 --> 00:34:29,292
and new forms of worship.

453
00:34:33,417 --> 00:34:37,854
From time to time, our captain
he talked about guns or something.

454
00:34:38,017 --> 00:34:40,485
Suddenly he remembered
and asked:

455
00:34:40,657 --> 00:34:42,568
"Who has left the Church?"

456
00:34:42,737 --> 00:34:44,614
And many stood up.

457
00:34:44,777 --> 00:34:47,132
I was a little shocked
and he asked:

458
00:34:47,297 --> 00:34:50,289
"Who hasn't left the Church yet?"

459
00:34:50,697 --> 00:34:52,733
I got up and looked around me

460
00:34:52,897 --> 00:34:55,775
and I saw that there were also others
and I was relieved.

461
00:34:55,937 --> 00:35:00,135
It was better than being
standing there alone.

462
00:35:01,017 --> 00:35:04,293
And said, "My captain,
I can't leave the Church.

463
00:35:04,457 --> 00:35:07,051
"My brothers, sisters
and parents are Catholic.

464
00:35:07,217 --> 00:35:10,846
They excluded me from the family
if I did something like that."

465
00:35:15,137 --> 00:35:18,732
<i>To replace religion, Himmler
was inspired by the Teutonic past.</i>

466
00:35:19,377 --> 00:35:21,937
<i>The Germans crushed
Norse prehistory</i>

467
00:35:22,097 --> 00:35:24,565
<i>to revive the heritage
spiritual and cultural</i>

468
00:35:24,737 --> 00:35:26,967
<i>from the best breed in the world.</i>

469
00:35:43,257 --> 00:35:47,216
<i>The SS learned the mysteries
and myths of the Teutons' past.</i>

470
00:35:52,217 --> 00:35:56,369
<i>In Bad Tolz, it was created
a school for SS officers.</i>

471
00:35:56,537 --> 00:35:59,927
<i>A school of gentlemen,
to train mind and body.</i>

472
00:36:50,217 --> 00:36:53,527
<i>Physical courage tests
and of obedience:</i>

473
00:36:53,697 --> 00:36:56,609
<i>they were swinging grenades in their helmets
until they burst,</i>

474
00:36:56,777 --> 00:36:59,291
<i>they shot at them
on battlefields</i>

475
00:37:01,817 --> 00:37:05,890
<i>and for breakfast they ate porridge
of oats prescribed by Himmler,</i>

476
00:37:06,057 --> 00:37:09,254
<i>because I admired the way they had
transformed English students</i>

477
00:37:09,417 --> 00:37:11,931
<i>in creators of an empire.</i>

478
00:37:36,377 --> 00:37:39,892
<i>An SS man had
to be a fearless athlete.</i>

479
00:37:40,097 --> 00:37:43,407
<i>Himmler was fragile,
had a hint of hypochondria</i>

480
00:37:43,577 --> 00:37:45,533
<i>and I had a lot of headaches.</i>

481
00:37:45,697 --> 00:37:48,928
<i>However, away from the cameras,</i>

482
00:37:49,097 --> 00:37:52,328
<i>he forced himself to do it
the SS sports tests.</i>

483
00:37:53,337 --> 00:37:56,534
<i>Behind the emphasis on sport for
develop courage and discipline</i>

484
00:37:56,697 --> 00:38:00,770
<i>Himmler's assistant was there,
the fencer Reinhardt Heydrich.</i>

485
00:38:05,977 --> 00:38:08,252
<i>Expelled from the Navy
for being a womanizer,</i>

486
00:38:08,417 --> 00:38:10,885
<i>became head of the Department
of SS Security,</i>

487
00:38:11,057 --> 00:38:13,890
<i>the instrument of terror
and murder of the Nazis.</i>

488
00:38:20,657 --> 00:38:24,730
<i>The SS swore total obedience
to the Fÿhrer until death.</i>

489
00:38:25,057 --> 00:38:27,446
<i>It was Himmler himself
who swore to them.</i>

490
00:38:37,017 --> 00:38:41,852
They were led to think
who were the Children of Light.

491
00:38:42,777 --> 00:38:46,292
That were in a fight
against the powers of darkness.

492
00:38:50,137 --> 00:38:54,369
The SS were based
in the example of the Jesuit Order,

493
00:38:54,617 --> 00:38:58,690
who was raised as a guard
elite of the Catholic Church

494
00:38:58,857 --> 00:39:01,371
by Home of Loyola,

495
00:39:01,817 --> 00:39:04,172
with very rigid and severe laws.

496
00:39:04,617 --> 00:39:07,211
And Himmler
He went there to get a lot of this:

497
00:39:07,377 --> 00:39:12,053
hierarchy, rigid selection
and leadership and punishments.

498
00:39:13,217 --> 00:39:17,768
<i>"Arbeit Macht Frei."
"Work Sets You Free"</i>

499
00:39:17,937 --> 00:39:21,691
<i>could be read on the gates
of the Dachau concentration camp.</i>

500
00:39:23,577 --> 00:39:26,410
<i>As moral guardians
of the Nazi system,</i>

501
00:39:26,577 --> 00:39:29,694
<i>it was logical for the SS
have punishment centers.</i>

502
00:39:29,937 --> 00:39:34,647
<i>In Dachau, they taught the guards
to feel sorry for the enemies of the State</i>

503
00:39:34,817 --> 00:39:37,809
<i>was not worthy
of an SS man.</i>

504
00:39:39,337 --> 00:39:42,727
<i>There was no place
for men with a soft heart.</i>

505
00:39:42,897 --> 00:39:45,889
<i>It was no coincidence that the emblem
Theirs was Death's Head</i>

506
00:39:46,057 --> 00:39:49,015
<i>and who walked
with a loaded gun.</i>

507
00:39:52,457 --> 00:39:55,255
<i>Prisoners were reduced
It's total subservience</i>

508
00:39:55,417 --> 00:39:59,171
<i>through impersonal brutality,
of methodical cruelty.</i>

509
00:40:07,057 --> 00:40:10,367
<i>Prisoners were not people,
they were numbers.</i>

510
00:40:10,617 --> 00:40:12,767
<i>And the fields were essential
to the Nazi system.</i>

511
00:40:18,137 --> 00:40:21,652
They were necessary,
in the opinion of Himmler and Hitler,

512
00:40:21,817 --> 00:40:25,605
one as head of state and the other
as head of the German Police,

513
00:40:25,937 --> 00:40:28,849
to temporarily eliminate

514
00:40:29,017 --> 00:40:32,054
criminal and social elements.

515
00:40:32,217 --> 00:40:35,527
Divide them into those
who were incurable

516
00:40:35,697 --> 00:40:37,608
and those who could be converted

517
00:40:37,777 --> 00:40:40,928
and therefore saved for
an active and positive task

518
00:40:41,097 --> 00:40:43,486
in the German popular community.

519
00:40:43,737 --> 00:40:46,774
They weren't just common criminals,

520
00:40:46,937 --> 00:40:49,371
but also political prisoners.

521
00:40:53,577 --> 00:40:57,650
<i>Hitler had written: "Terrorism
It is an effective political tool.</i>

522
00:40:58,057 --> 00:41:00,048
<i>"I'm not going to deprive myself of him,</i>

523
00:41:00,217 --> 00:41:03,892
<i>"only because the lazy bourgeoisie
and simpletons are offended.</i>

524
00:41:04,057 --> 00:41:06,127
<i>"People will think twice
before opposing us</i>

525
00:41:06,297 --> 00:41:08,970
<i>if you know what
waits for them in the fields. "</i>

526
00:41:09,577 --> 00:41:12,330
<i>Dachau was the model
for all fields,</i>

527
00:41:12,497 --> 00:41:14,647
<i>the training school for
Death's Head</i>'s units

528
00:41:14,817 --> 00:41:18,446
<i>which, one day, would provide
the managers of the "Final Solution".</i>

529
00:41:19,217 --> 00:41:23,813
<i>Between 1934 and 1938, the fields never
had less than 20 thousand people.</i>

530
00:41:24,257 --> 00:41:26,168
<i>Many died there.</i>

531
00:41:28,977 --> 00:41:32,572
<i>In 1938, the Nazis were
in power for five years.</i>

532
00:41:32,737 --> 00:41:35,888
<i>There was a rally for youth
of the country at Landsberg Castle,</i>

533
00:41:36,057 --> 00:41:40,096
<i>a Nazi temple because Hitler had
He was detained there for a short time.</i>

534
00:41:43,457 --> 00:41:46,096
<i>"Germany, sacred word,</i>

535
00:41:46,257 --> 00:41:49,852
<i>you will live forever,
you will triumph over time. "</i>

536
00:42:33,097 --> 00:42:35,816
<i>Hitler had always spoken
of a superior Germany,</i>

537
00:42:36,017 --> 00:42:39,612
<i>an ethnic state that would unite
all German-speaking peoples.</i>

538
00:42:39,817 --> 00:42:43,696
<i>It was time to pass the torch
of the Nazi racial community</i>

539
00:42:43,857 --> 00:42:46,610
<i>beyond the borders of Germany.</i>

540
00:42:53,377 --> 00:42:56,335
<i>Hitler's troops
quickly entered Austria</i>

541
00:42:56,497 --> 00:42:58,852
<i>and in the Sudetenland region
in Czechoslovakia,</i>

542
00:42:59,017 --> 00:43:02,976
<i>bringing two language communities together
German is a big German family.</i>

543
00:43:14,977 --> 00:43:17,445
<i>Hitler said
in his hometown, Linz,</i>

544
00:43:17,617 --> 00:43:20,529
<i>who had achieved
a historic mission.</i>

545
00:43:20,817 --> 00:43:23,650
<i>And Himmler's men,
helped by local Nazis,</i>

546
00:43:23,817 --> 00:43:25,933
<i>gathered the opponents.</i>

547
00:43:30,897 --> 00:43:32,933
<i>Encouraged by the SS,</i>

548
00:43:33,097 --> 00:43:36,055
<i>barely contained anti-Semitic fantasies
were violently released.</i>

549
00:43:36,217 --> 00:43:39,254
<i>It was worse than anything
what was already seen in Germany.</i>

550
00:43:42,697 --> 00:43:46,610
<i>Heydrich, like other fanatics
Nazis, I was getting impatient</i>

551
00:43:46,777 --> 00:43:49,450
<i>because so little has been done
to expel the Jews.</i>

552
00:43:49,857 --> 00:43:54,169
<i>Gathered 10 thousand and abandoned them
near the border with Poland.</i>

553
00:43:54,377 --> 00:43:57,289
<i>Due to the cold weather,
Many died.</i>

554
00:43:57,697 --> 00:44:00,689
<i>The son of one of them,
Herschel Grynspan,</i>

555
00:44:00,857 --> 00:44:03,849
<i>tried to kill
the German ambassador in Paris.</i>

556
00:44:04,097 --> 00:44:07,294
<i>Confused, he killed a younger member
of embassy staff,</i>

557
00:44:07,457 --> 00:44:09,288
<i>Ernst von Rath.</i>

558
00:44:10,697 --> 00:44:14,053
<i>Von Rath was considered
a martyr of the Jews</i>

559
00:44:14,217 --> 00:44:17,254
<i>and was entitled to a state funeral,
what Hitler went to,</i>

560
00:44:17,417 --> 00:44:20,215
<i>among the shine
of Nazi advertising,</i>

561
00:44:20,377 --> 00:44:22,572
<i>while, secretly,
plans were made</i>

562
00:44:22,737 --> 00:44:25,888
<i>for intensification
of the emigration of the Jews.</i>

563
00:44:26,057 --> 00:44:30,448
<i>The Jewish question had to be
resolved once and for all.</i>

564
00:44:32,817 --> 00:44:35,536
<i>Hitler had warned that the party
could not be seen</i>

565
00:44:35,697 --> 00:44:38,131
<i>instigating demonstrations
against the Jews,</i>

566
00:44:38,297 --> 00:44:41,175
<i>but, if there were
spontaneous manifestations,</i>

567
00:44:41,337 --> 00:44:44,010
<i>it was not their obligation to avoid them.</i>

568
00:44:52,377 --> 00:44:55,414
<i>On the night of November 9, 1938,</i>

569
00:44:55,657 --> 00:44:59,445
<i>thousands of Jewish stores were
destroyed, windows were broken.</i>

570
00:44:59,617 --> 00:45:02,256
<i>Synagogues were burned
throughout Germany.</i>

571
00:45:02,417 --> 00:45:04,977
<i>91 Jews were killed.</i>

572
00:45:05,377 --> 00:45:08,528
<i>"Die Kristallnacht."
The Crystal Night.</i>

573
00:45:08,817 --> 00:45:13,208
<i>This spontaneous manifestation was
conducted by Heydrich's men.</i>

574
00:45:15,857 --> 00:45:19,816
<i>The following morning, the SS
took 30 thousand richest Jews</i>

575
00:45:19,977 --> 00:45:21,968
<i>to concentration camps.</i>

576
00:45:28,457 --> 00:45:32,336
We were all pushed
with sticks and blows

577
00:45:32,617 --> 00:45:36,530
and we had to stand in lines
compact and countable.

578
00:45:37,257 --> 00:45:41,091
As he had already been a soldier,
I didn't find it difficult.

579
00:45:41,457 --> 00:45:45,689
But those who didn't get in line
they were soon beaten.

580
00:45:47,457 --> 00:45:50,290
The field commander
gave a speech:

581
00:45:50,537 --> 00:45:52,653
"You are not in a sanatorium

582
00:45:52,817 --> 00:45:55,775
"and if they try to escape,
let's shoot right away

583
00:45:55,937 --> 00:45:58,531
and our soldiers
They are good shots."

584
00:45:59,817 --> 00:46:01,375
It was the first night.

585
00:46:02,417 --> 00:46:05,614
In the morning we saw long queues
of human beings

586
00:46:05,777 --> 00:46:09,770
with gray faces
in striped work suits

587
00:46:10,417 --> 00:46:13,215
and they passed like shadows,

588
00:46:13,857 --> 00:46:16,007
but we never dreamed that,
in eight days,

589
00:46:16,177 --> 00:46:19,214
we would be exactly
like those columns.

590
00:46:28,057 --> 00:46:30,446
At the end of the first ten days,

591
00:46:30,617 --> 00:46:34,496
25% of people who were taken
By then they had already died.

592
00:46:35,537 --> 00:46:38,176
He got out because he was a war veteran.

593
00:46:38,737 --> 00:46:41,331
War veterans
leave early.

594
00:46:41,817 --> 00:46:43,967
<i>The Jewish community
had created committees</i>

595
00:46:44,137 --> 00:46:46,446
<i>to represent them
with the Nazis.</i>

596
00:46:46,617 --> 00:46:49,450
<i>Now Himmler's men
took possession of them.</i>

597
00:46:49,617 --> 00:46:52,529
<i>They were ordered to help
to hasten Jewish emigration</i>

598
00:46:52,697 --> 00:46:55,131
<i>and collecting heavy taxes
taxes by the thousands</i>

599
00:46:55,297 --> 00:46:58,334
<i>who were now lining up
to leave Germany.</i>

600
00:46:58,497 --> 00:47:01,375
<i>After his release from the field,
Sigmund Weltlinger went to work</i>

601
00:47:01,537 --> 00:47:03,528
<i>for the Jewish community
in Berlin.</i>

602
00:47:06,537 --> 00:47:09,574
It was a job
very, very difficult.

603
00:47:09,777 --> 00:47:12,132
There were 12 lawyers
working with me

604
00:47:12,297 --> 00:47:15,175
and several counters
of the Jewish community.

605
00:47:15,617 --> 00:47:18,051
It was a very difficult job
in human terms,

606
00:47:18,217 --> 00:47:20,731
because I had to say
To people who wanted to emigrate

607
00:47:20,897 --> 00:47:23,127
or that they were going to be expelled:

608
00:47:23,297 --> 00:47:26,050
"Make a list of your possessions,
declare your assets.

609
00:47:26,217 --> 00:47:30,051
We will give you a receipt
and then it will be transported."

610
00:47:31,217 --> 00:47:35,096
They said, "But why do we have to
declare them? So we lost them.”

611
00:47:35,297 --> 00:47:39,575
Then I explained to them that if
Hitler stayed, they lost them the same way.

612
00:47:47,057 --> 00:47:48,809
<i>Hitler had said:</i>

613
00:47:48,977 --> 00:47:53,528
<i>"A reasonable anti-Semitism has
leading to the expulsion of the Jews. "</i>

614
00:47:54,537 --> 00:47:56,971
<i>Through terror,
were forced to leave,</i>

615
00:47:57,137 --> 00:48:00,334
<i>they were stripped of everything
what they had before they left.</i>

616
00:48:00,497 --> 00:48:02,965
<i>The operation was carried out following
a system created in Vienna</i>

617
00:48:03,137 --> 00:48:05,890
<i>by one of Heydrich's agents,</i>

618
00:48:06,057 --> 00:48:09,493
<i>the lieutenant
Karl Adolf Eichmann of the SS.</i>

619
00:48:11,337 --> 00:48:14,374
<i>Wilhelm Hottl was
a young man with a degree in History</i>

620
00:48:14,537 --> 00:48:17,415
<i>who had joined the SS when
the Nazis entered Austria.</i>

621
00:48:23,297 --> 00:48:26,926
I asked Eichmann: "In any case
way, people want to leave.

622
00:48:27,097 --> 00:48:30,009
"If, as part of the program,
want to get rid of them,

623
00:48:30,177 --> 00:48:32,691
because they become
Is it so difficult for them to leave?"

624
00:48:37,657 --> 00:48:41,889
The scheme implied that a Jew
who wanted to emigrate from Austria

625
00:48:42,057 --> 00:48:44,617
had to arrange
first a visa

626
00:48:44,777 --> 00:48:48,736
and a confirmation from the Ministry of
Finances that he had no doubts about.

627
00:48:49,537 --> 00:48:52,335
Afterwards, I needed
from a place on a ship

628
00:48:52,497 --> 00:48:55,614
and authorization to
transport your furniture, etc.

629
00:48:56,977 --> 00:48:59,172
I explained all this to Eichmann,

630
00:48:59,337 --> 00:49:01,851
what was
a very difficult man.

631
00:49:02,017 --> 00:49:03,689
"If the situation is this,

632
00:49:03,857 --> 00:49:07,247
"because it doesn't make life easier
Are you people who want to go out?

633
00:49:07,417 --> 00:49:11,456
Want the Jews out there and them
They want to go out on their own motorbike."

634
00:49:13,257 --> 00:49:15,612
And that's the grotesque part.

635
00:49:15,777 --> 00:49:20,214
I almost founded the Department
Central for Jewish Emigration,

636
00:49:20,377 --> 00:49:22,845
which was created in Vienna.

637
00:49:23,097 --> 00:49:25,133
It was the first ever.

638
00:49:25,297 --> 00:49:29,449
They barely worked in Germany,
but in Vienna that one worked.

639
00:49:30,257 --> 00:49:32,487
Eichmann organized it.

640
00:49:32,737 --> 00:49:37,174
They requisitioned the ballet building
which belonged to Baron Rothschild

641
00:49:37,577 --> 00:49:40,649
and they did everything
as I had imagined.

642
00:49:41,057 --> 00:49:44,208
There was a representative
of the Passport Department,

643
00:49:44,377 --> 00:49:47,050
a representative
of the financial authorities,

644
00:49:47,217 --> 00:49:49,685
a representative
from the shipping department

645
00:49:49,857 --> 00:49:52,496
and transport representatives.

646
00:49:52,657 --> 00:49:55,888
A poor Jew who wanted to emigrate

647
00:49:56,057 --> 00:49:59,936
I could now handle everything in two
hours, everything was sorted out

648
00:50:00,097 --> 00:50:01,450
and could leave.

649
00:50:03,817 --> 00:50:07,696
<i>In total, around one million
of Jews wanted to "leave."</i>

650
00:50:07,857 --> 00:50:09,529
<i>But where?</i>

651
00:50:09,697 --> 00:50:12,257
<i>Countries tightened
your entry quotas.</i>

652
00:50:12,417 --> 00:50:14,294
<i>The British Prime Minister,
Chamberlain,</i>

653
00:50:14,457 --> 00:50:16,925
<i>didn't dare admit it
which let in 500 a week</i>

654
00:50:17,097 --> 00:50:19,770
<i>afraid to instigate
British anti-Semitism.</i>

655
00:50:20,257 --> 00:50:24,136
<i>Even the archbishop of Canterbury
I had to choose the words.</i>

656
00:50:24,297 --> 00:50:27,448
I ask you to think,
for a moment,

657
00:50:28,417 --> 00:50:31,375
in men, women and children

658
00:50:31,537 --> 00:50:36,247
who are being forced to leave
their homes in Germany and Austria

659
00:50:36,417 --> 00:50:38,692
by a cruel persecution.

660
00:50:39,057 --> 00:50:42,766
Your only crime
It is the race to which they belong.

661
00:50:43,697 --> 00:50:45,972
Because of this, their lives

662
00:50:46,137 --> 00:50:49,368
were deliberately
become unbearable.

663
00:50:49,817 --> 00:50:52,729
Our own government
and other governments

664
00:50:52,937 --> 00:50:56,930
you have to do everything to find
the open spaces of the Earth,

665
00:50:57,097 --> 00:51:01,568
find a place where,
in huge colonizations,

666
00:51:01,737 --> 00:51:06,094
these unhappy people
can live in freedom and peace.

667
00:51:07,377 --> 00:51:11,609
That's why Lord Baldwin
made a national appeal.

668
00:51:12,977 --> 00:51:16,094
This fund will impartially help

669
00:51:16,257 --> 00:51:19,055
all victims of stalking

670
00:51:19,217 --> 00:51:20,696
and, remember,

671
00:51:20,857 --> 00:51:24,566
among them there are many Christians
and lots of Jews.

672
00:51:24,977 --> 00:51:27,889
Give what you can
to this background.

673
00:51:28,377 --> 00:51:32,086
I ask that you do your part

674
00:51:32,497 --> 00:51:34,772
in this work of mercy.

675
00:51:38,537 --> 00:51:41,847
<i>Palestine was
the biblical house of the Jews.</i>

676
00:51:42,017 --> 00:51:45,407
<i>Since Hitler came to power,
many Jews had gone there.</i>

677
00:51:46,097 --> 00:51:48,565
<i>Developed countries
they didn't accept them.</i>

678
00:51:48,737 --> 00:51:50,728
<i>Your solution
was finding a space</i>

679
00:51:50,897 --> 00:51:53,491
<i>where the Jews
could stay without problems.</i>

680
00:51:54,017 --> 00:51:57,612
<i>Maybe Palestine under control
British was the answer.</i>

681
00:51:57,817 --> 00:52:00,377
<i>But the Arabs
who already lived there were opposed.</i>

682
00:52:01,337 --> 00:52:05,808
The Arabs are against
British government policy

683
00:52:05,977 --> 00:52:07,888
in Palestine.

684
00:52:08,377 --> 00:52:12,609
A policy that, if continued,
will certainly result in

685
00:52:12,817 --> 00:52:15,650
the replacement
of the Arabs by the Jews.

686
00:52:16,577 --> 00:52:19,808
<i>The Arabs supported their
claims on terrorism.</i>

687
00:52:19,977 --> 00:52:21,171
<i>In 1939,</i>

688
00:52:21,337 --> 00:52:23,407
<i>the British limited immigration
of Jews to Palestine</i>

689
00:52:23,577 --> 00:52:25,329
<i>10 thousand per year.</i>

690
00:52:25,497 --> 00:52:28,728
<i>Place a million Jews
at that rate it would take a hundred years.</i>

691
00:52:30,417 --> 00:52:33,648
<i>The Reichstag,
January 30, 1939.</i>

692
00:52:34,577 --> 00:52:37,296
<i>Hitler revealed that his policy
in relation to the Jews</i>

693
00:52:37,457 --> 00:52:40,130
<i>could go beyond expulsion.</i>

694
00:52:40,457 --> 00:52:44,416
<i>If international financiers
Jews inside and outside Europe</i>

695
00:52:44,577 --> 00:52:47,967
<i>involve the nations
in another world war,</i>

696
00:52:48,137 --> 00:52:50,935
<i>the result would not be
the victory of Judaism,</i>

697
00:52:51,097 --> 00:52:54,612
<i>but annihilation
of the Jewish race in Europe.</i>

698
00:53:14,977 --> 00:53:17,491
<i>For years,
Nazi health experts</i>

699
00:53:17,657 --> 00:53:19,693
<i>they asked Hitler to order
merciful death</i>

700
00:53:19,857 --> 00:53:22,087
<i>of the crazy
and incurable patients.</i>

701
00:53:22,257 --> 00:53:25,488
<i>But Hitler feared that this
offend public opinion.</i>

702
00:53:25,657 --> 00:53:28,967
<i>So, the Ministry of Health did
a series of propaganda films.</i>

703
00:53:29,257 --> 00:53:33,569
In nature, weak creatures
They all die without exception.

704
00:53:33,737 --> 00:53:36,854
In recent decades,
men have sinned terribly

705
00:53:37,017 --> 00:53:40,293
against this law
of natural selection.

706
00:53:40,457 --> 00:53:42,846
We not only preserve
worthless life,

707
00:53:43,017 --> 00:53:45,451
how we allow
to procreate and multiply.

708
00:53:47,577 --> 00:53:51,126
<i>The film lacked little
to defend euthanasia,</i>

709
00:53:51,297 --> 00:53:53,731
<i>but it emphasized waste
of scarce resources</i>

710
00:53:53,897 --> 00:53:57,048
<i>and trained nurses
who took care of "parasites".</i>

711
00:53:57,617 --> 00:54:00,654
<i>The matter had calmed down
until war,</i>

712
00:54:00,817 --> 00:54:02,535
<i>when, as Hitler said:</i>

713
00:54:02,697 --> 00:54:05,575
<i>"The Church would not be
able to resist. "</i>

714
00:54:07,577 --> 00:54:10,728
<i>Behind the scenes, the SS had recruited
your team of doctors</i>

715
00:54:10,897 --> 00:54:14,094
<i>willing to practice principles
social biology Nazis.</i>

716
00:54:14,457 --> 00:54:19,087
<i>On paper written by hand and with
the date of September 1, 1939,</i>

717
00:54:19,257 --> 00:54:22,727
<i>Hitler authorized the beginning
of "merciful death".</i>

718
00:54:25,817 --> 00:54:30,174
<i>September 1, 1939.
War against Poland.</i>

719
00:54:31,137 --> 00:54:34,129
<i>Filmmakers received orders
to portray a united people,</i>

720
00:54:34,297 --> 00:54:36,174
<i>looking forward to the fight.</i>

721
00:54:36,337 --> 00:54:39,693
<i>War was also presented
as political biology.</i>

722
00:54:40,337 --> 00:54:43,010
<i>"The unalterable law of life,</i>

723
00:54:43,177 --> 00:54:45,850
<i>"the prerequisite
of the natural selection of the strong</i>

724
00:54:46,017 --> 00:54:48,656
<i>"and the precedent
for the elimination of the weak.</i>

725
00:54:48,817 --> 00:54:51,331
<i>"A people who do not assert themselves
It has to disappear</i>

726
00:54:51,497 --> 00:54:53,965
<i>and another must take his place. "</i>

727
00:55:12,737 --> 00:55:16,173
<i>The Poles were Slavs,
an inferior race.</i>

728
00:55:17,017 --> 00:55:19,656
<i>Poland has always been
was marked by Hitler</i>

729
00:55:19,817 --> 00:55:22,536
<i>as a
"space to live in the East".</i>

730
00:55:22,697 --> 00:55:26,212
<i>But Nazi aggression provoked
a second world war.</i>

731
00:55:26,377 --> 00:55:29,687
<i>Great Britain and France
sided with Poland.</i>

732
00:55:33,497 --> 00:55:35,249
<i>On October 5th</i>

733
00:55:35,417 --> 00:55:38,727
<i>Hitler was greeted at the parade
of victory in Warsaw.</i>

734
00:55:39,257 --> 00:55:42,806
<i>In Slavic Poland, Nazi policy
could be put into practice</i>

735
00:55:42,977 --> 00:55:45,775
<i>no worries
with public opinion.</i>

736
00:56:02,377 --> 00:56:05,813
I remember there was a German band
playing up front.

737
00:56:06,137 --> 00:56:09,015
I thought that was very good,
I was happy.

738
00:56:09,257 --> 00:56:11,407
I even remember
to have clapped.

739
00:56:15,457 --> 00:56:20,053
<i>In Poland, Nazi thugs could
finally do what they liked.</i>

740
00:56:26,937 --> 00:56:29,656
<i>And some Poles
joined them.</i>

741
00:56:37,297 --> 00:56:40,175
<i>The reign of terror
lasted until the Liberation.</i>

742
00:56:40,697 --> 00:56:43,894
<i>Secret orders said that
the animal spirits of men</i>

743
00:56:44,057 --> 00:56:46,446
<i>should not be discouraged.</i>

744
00:56:55,697 --> 00:56:59,451
<i>In Poland, Jews used
beards and traditional clothes.</i>

745
00:56:59,617 --> 00:57:02,689
<i>Nazi enthusiasts
they tried to "clean" them.</i>

746
00:57:02,937 --> 00:57:05,929
<i>The Indians have long been nourished
found an escape.</i>

747
00:57:06,097 --> 00:57:08,327
<i>The authorities incited us.</i>

748
00:57:08,497 --> 00:57:11,967
<i>Terrorize a part of the population
helped to intimidate the rest.</i>

749
00:57:34,377 --> 00:57:36,447
We ran out of food at home.

750
00:57:36,577 --> 00:57:39,649
One day, my mother,
peace to your soul,

751
00:57:39,817 --> 00:57:43,412
asked me to go to the bakery
and spend the night at the door

752
00:57:43,577 --> 00:57:46,171
to get some bread
the next day

753
00:57:46,337 --> 00:57:48,612
to have something to eat
There at home.

754
00:57:51,417 --> 00:57:55,126
I got up in the middle of the night
and went to the queue.

755
00:57:58,777 --> 00:58:02,770
When I arrived, it was already there
lots of people are waiting.

756
00:58:03,977 --> 00:58:07,333
At dawn,
a Pole of German origin

757
00:58:07,497 --> 00:58:10,455
arrived with a shotgun
hanging on the right shoulder

758
00:58:10,617 --> 00:58:13,689
and with a clamp with
a swastika on the left arm.

759
00:58:13,857 --> 00:58:18,214
He would keep order
so that everyone would receive bread.

760
00:58:22,897 --> 00:58:25,047
Among us there were children.

761
00:58:25,217 --> 00:58:27,685
They weren't Jewish, they were Polish
and they ran around us.

762
00:58:28,097 --> 00:58:32,648
They pulled this Polish guy with the
shotgun and pointed at everyone:

763
00:58:32,817 --> 00:58:35,570
"That's a Jew.
This is a Jew. This is a Jew.

764
00:58:35,737 --> 00:58:38,331
Das Jude. Das Jude. Das Jude."

765
00:58:39,017 --> 00:58:42,327
These people were taken out of line
and they received no bread.

766
00:58:43,617 --> 00:58:45,448
My turn has come.

767
00:58:45,617 --> 00:58:48,893
I turned around and saw that the boy
It was a friend I played with.

768
00:58:49,057 --> 00:58:51,617
I told him in Polish:
"What are you doing?"

769
00:58:51,777 --> 00:58:56,248
His response was, "I'm not yours
friend. You're a Jew, I don't know you."

770
00:58:58,457 --> 00:59:02,245
The German of swastika
was in front of me.

771
00:59:02,577 --> 00:59:05,091
I saw he was our neighbor.

772
00:59:07,137 --> 00:59:10,413
I spoke to him in Polish
and he replied in German.

773
00:59:10,577 --> 00:59:13,853
Said, "I don't know Polish
and I don't know you."

774
00:59:14,337 --> 00:59:17,807
Took me out of line
where I waited for bread

775
00:59:17,977 --> 00:59:19,569
and gave me a slap.

776
00:59:20,777 --> 00:59:24,326
I burst into tears, because
I didn't know what had happened.

777
00:59:24,497 --> 00:59:26,931
My world
it had collapsed.

778
00:59:28,017 --> 00:59:31,612
My mother had asked me
to stand in line to take bread

779
00:59:31,777 --> 00:59:33,654
and a strange thing had happened.

780
00:59:33,817 --> 00:59:35,887
The friend I played with
and also the German,

781
00:59:36,057 --> 00:59:38,207
two people I knew
so many years ago,

782
00:59:38,377 --> 00:59:41,369
they had turned against me.
They didn't want to know me.

783
00:59:41,537 --> 00:59:43,846
They denied knowing me and beat me.

784
00:59:44,137 --> 00:59:45,934
They didn't let me eat.

785
00:59:46,177 --> 00:59:49,408
I thought:
"What am I taking home?"

786
00:59:49,937 --> 00:59:54,408
It was the first time they had done me
feel different from others.

787
00:59:54,737 --> 00:59:57,968
He wasn't like Christian boys,
the boys he played with.

788
01:00:07,577 --> 01:00:10,489
<i>Hans Frank, an old man
Hitler's party comrade,</i>

789
01:00:10,657 --> 01:00:12,773
<i>he left Poland under his responsibility.</i>

790
01:00:12,937 --> 01:00:14,893
<i>You told your people:
"The Pole must feel</i>

791
01:00:15,057 --> 01:00:17,446
<i>"that we are not
to build a legal state for it.</i>

792
01:00:17,617 --> 01:00:20,973
<i>"He has only one duty:
work and behave.</i>

793
01:00:21,137 --> 01:00:24,891
<i>Once we win the war,
we turn them into minced meat. "</i>

794
01:00:25,977 --> 01:00:29,128
<i>In many places, Frank placed members
of the local German community,</i>

795
01:00:29,297 --> 01:00:32,812
<i>Volksdeutsch,
those in charge of suppression.</i>

796
01:00:32,977 --> 01:00:35,775
<i>It was enough for a Pole to be
denounced as a former officer,</i>

797
01:00:35,937 --> 01:00:40,169
<i>lawyer, politician or priest
to have a summary execution.</i>

798
01:00:40,337 --> 01:00:43,135
<i>There would be no potential leaders.</i>

799
01:00:43,297 --> 01:00:46,573
<i>The Slavs only served
to be slaves.</i>

800
01:00:50,017 --> 01:00:53,293
<i>The slightest sign of opposition
or non-cooperation</i>

801
01:00:53,457 --> 01:00:56,529
<i>implied reprisals
against the entire community.</i>

802
01:01:13,457 --> 01:01:17,291
<i>Despite this bloody terror,
some Poles resisted,</i>

803
01:01:17,457 --> 01:01:21,416
<i>risking his life to
protect others, including Jews.</i>

804
01:01:25,337 --> 01:01:28,329
<i>The German Action Squadrons,
led by SS men,</i>

805
01:01:28,497 --> 01:01:32,251
<i>they traveled the country, making
public executions in the thousands.</i>

806
01:01:32,417 --> 01:01:34,772
<i>Himmler told his men
which was the type of task</i>

807
01:01:34,937 --> 01:01:37,531
<i>for which he had created
originally the SS.</i>

808
01:01:37,697 --> 01:01:40,370
<i>"is much easier
fight like a soldier</i>

809
01:01:40,537 --> 01:01:44,815
<i>"than suppressing a population
low-level cultural obstruction.</i>

810
01:01:44,977 --> 01:01:49,255
<i>But we must be firm. It's ours
responsibility before God. "</i>

811
01:02:02,497 --> 01:02:05,534
<i>Poland was divided
in three parts.</i>

812
01:02:05,697 --> 01:02:08,450
<i>For not intervening
when Hitler attacked,</i>

813
01:02:08,617 --> 01:02:11,085
<i>the Russians could
stay with the East.</i>

814
01:02:11,257 --> 01:02:13,407
<i>The western part,
bordering Germany,</i>

815
01:02:13,577 --> 01:02:17,126
<i>it was incorporated into the Reich.
It would be colonized by Germans.</i>

816
01:02:17,297 --> 01:02:18,855
<i>To have room for them,</i>

817
01:02:19,017 --> 01:02:21,053
<i>the Poles had to go
for what was left,</i>

818
01:02:21,217 --> 01:02:23,731
<i>the area headed by Hans Frank.</i>

819
01:02:24,817 --> 01:02:26,967
<i>It was the first practical step</i>

820
01:02:27,137 --> 01:02:30,971
<i>towards a new design
of Europe with racial traits.</i>

821
01:02:31,777 --> 01:02:34,735
<i>Forced migration
dragged on for years.</i>

822
01:02:34,897 --> 01:02:38,526
<i>People of German blood were
helped to go to the German part.</i>

823
01:02:44,217 --> 01:02:45,809
<i>To have space,</i>

824
01:02:45,977 --> 01:02:50,016
<i>more than a million Poles were
pushed into Frank's part.</i>

825
01:02:50,457 --> 01:02:52,493
<i>Thousands died.</i>

826
01:03:10,657 --> 01:03:12,488
<i>The re-Germanization program</i>

827
01:03:12,657 --> 01:03:15,729
<i>was headed by the Department
of Race and Replacement of Himmler.</i>

828
01:03:18,617 --> 01:03:23,532
This re-Germanization was
an extremely difficult task.

829
01:03:24,417 --> 01:03:27,170
And it was carried out
by special commissions

830
01:03:27,337 --> 01:03:30,329
who tried to evaluate
people racially,

831
01:03:30,497 --> 01:03:34,251
since they could not evaluate
their political convictions,

832
01:03:34,417 --> 01:03:38,649
know if someone was still
pre-polish deep in the heart.

833
01:03:42,137 --> 01:03:45,891
We said it was useless,

834
01:03:46,097 --> 01:03:48,292
we had to examine them.

835
01:03:48,497 --> 01:03:53,093
One of the leaders of the Department of
Race and Replacement was placed there

836
01:03:53,377 --> 01:03:55,686
to examine people.

837
01:03:56,097 --> 01:03:58,816
According to
the test results,

838
01:03:58,977 --> 01:04:01,366
were divided into two categories.

839
01:04:07,977 --> 01:04:10,696
<i>For the Nazis,
the Poles were inferior.</i>

840
01:04:10,857 --> 01:04:13,325
<i>Polish Jews,
which were three million,</i>

841
01:04:13,497 --> 01:04:16,569
<i>they were subhuman and had
to be treated as such.</i>

842
01:04:16,777 --> 01:04:19,575
<i>They had to use
an identifying star.</i>

843
01:04:19,777 --> 01:04:23,133
<i>Using the star, the Jews
were immediately recognized.</i>

844
01:04:44,537 --> 01:04:46,732
<i>Banned from traveling
without authorization,</i>

845
01:04:46,897 --> 01:04:50,492
<i>Polish Jews were subject
mandatory curfew, harassment.</i>

846
01:04:50,657 --> 01:04:53,046
<i>They could be captured
at any time and without notice</i>

847
01:04:53,217 --> 01:04:56,015
<i>and be obliged
doing forced labor.</i>

848
01:05:09,897 --> 01:05:13,776
<i>The official theory was that the Jews
were to blame for the war.</i>

849
01:05:14,137 --> 01:05:16,935
<i>They were filmed
for German Current Affairs,</i>

850
01:05:17,097 --> 01:05:19,486
<i>forced to resolve
what they had caused.</i>

851
01:05:51,537 --> 01:05:55,450
The Germans banned the Jews
to enter German stores,

852
01:05:55,617 --> 01:05:58,336
<i>Volksdeutsch,
ethnic Germans.</i>

853
01:05:59,217 --> 01:06:03,210
They were forced to take off their hats
to all Germans.

854
01:06:07,777 --> 01:06:11,770
In fact, the lives of the Jews
was interrupted, stopped.

855
01:06:14,937 --> 01:06:19,727
<i>"A reasonable anti-Semitism has
leading to the expulsion of the Jews. "</i>

856
01:06:20,697 --> 01:06:23,928
<i>From the beginning, Hitler
had promised to purify the Reich.</i>

857
01:06:24,377 --> 01:06:27,050
<i>It was decided that now
it could be done.</i>

858
01:06:27,337 --> 01:06:30,488
<i>The Jews would
for bookings in Poland.</i>

859
01:06:32,697 --> 01:06:34,415
<i>Notices have been posted.</i>

860
01:06:34,577 --> 01:06:37,296
<i>All Jews in Poland
and a million more from the entire Reich</i>

861
01:06:37,457 --> 01:06:40,051
<i>should be taken
to designated areas.</i>

862
01:07:09,777 --> 01:07:11,768
We took a small car.

863
01:07:11,937 --> 01:07:16,055
Me and my dad did
a small car and we moved on.

864
01:07:17,737 --> 01:07:21,935
Thousands and thousands,
tens of thousands walked,

865
01:07:22,097 --> 01:07:24,895
taking their belongings with them:

866
01:07:25,057 --> 01:07:28,766
some on the head, others on the back
and some on the shoulders.

867
01:07:28,937 --> 01:07:31,576
There were children, elderly people, babies.

868
01:07:31,737 --> 01:07:35,969
It seemed like the exile of the people,
exile from Egypt.

869
01:07:38,577 --> 01:07:41,808
But it was also interesting
see the Aryan side,

870
01:07:41,977 --> 01:07:45,253
the Polish Christians,
and how they saw it.

871
01:07:45,417 --> 01:07:49,490
Many of them applauded,
because they were happy.

872
01:07:49,937 --> 01:07:52,815
"Now let's buy the houses
of them. Let's take care of everything.

873
01:07:52,977 --> 01:07:57,050
It'll go well. With the furniture
they leave, we will have everything."

874
01:07:57,937 --> 01:08:01,327
<i>Frank's zone of Poland
it was so full of Jews</i>

875
01:08:01,497 --> 01:08:03,328
<i>that he complained to Hitler.</i>

876
01:08:03,497 --> 01:08:07,410
<i>The deportations had to stop.
He could not receive more Jews.</i>

877
01:08:07,577 --> 01:08:11,286
<i>Hitler agreed.
There had to be an alternative.</i>

878
01:08:11,457 --> 01:08:15,416
<i>Events in the war led to
reexamination of an old solution.</i>

879
01:08:15,697 --> 01:08:19,087
<i>In the summer of 1940,
Hitler had attacked Western Europe.</i>

880
01:08:19,257 --> 01:08:21,134
<i>If that campaign
end the war,</i>

881
01:08:21,297 --> 01:08:23,492
<i>maybe it could be resolved
the Jewish question</i>

882
01:08:23,657 --> 01:08:26,012
<i>with emigration
out of Europe.</i>

883
01:08:26,177 --> 01:08:29,453
<i>The person who examined the problem was
please send them to Madagascar,</i>

884
01:08:29,617 --> 01:08:32,336
<i>an island off the coast
African, a French possession.</i>

885
01:08:41,777 --> 01:08:45,406
<i>This summer, as an Army
and SS swept Western Europe,</i>

886
01:08:45,577 --> 01:08:47,852
<i>Department bureaucrats
of Jewish Emigration</i>

887
01:08:48,017 --> 01:08:49,928
<i>completed their detailed plan.</i>

888
01:08:50,097 --> 01:08:53,373
<i>Millions of Jews would be taken
to an island dominated by disease</i>

889
01:08:53,537 --> 01:08:56,574
<i>and where is the only way out
it was death.</i>

890
01:08:57,337 --> 01:08:59,646
<i>But this would not happen.</i>

891
01:08:59,817 --> 01:09:02,809
<i>Although the Nazis controlled
Europe to the English Channel</i>

892
01:09:02,977 --> 01:09:06,413
<i>until the end of July,
the war is not over.</i>

893
01:09:06,937 --> 01:09:09,815
<i>The Jews could not
be sent out.</i>

894
01:09:10,377 --> 01:09:13,687
<i>Instead, the SS had
six more countries to subjugate.</i>

895
01:09:13,857 --> 01:09:16,417
<i>But in the West, the approach
It would have to be different.</i>

896
01:09:16,577 --> 01:09:20,013
<i>The majority were also of the
Norse or Germanic.</i>

897
01:09:25,897 --> 01:09:30,209
<i>They started registering everyone
and issuing identity cards.</i>

898
01:09:30,377 --> 01:09:32,845
<i>For example, the Dutch,
according to Nazi theory,</i>

899
01:09:33,017 --> 01:09:34,894
<i>they were of the best racial strain.</i>

900
01:09:35,057 --> 01:09:37,969
<i>They had to prepare
for a union with the Germans.</i>

901
01:09:38,137 --> 01:09:41,527
<i>But among the population there were
hundreds of thousands of Jews,</i>

902
01:09:41,697 --> 01:09:44,848
<i>but it was not known who
and how many there were.</i>

903
01:09:45,017 --> 01:09:47,736
<i>There the Jews were
well integrated into the community,</i>

904
01:09:47,897 --> 01:09:51,014
<i>they spoke the same language,
They wore the same clothes.</i>

905
01:09:51,177 --> 01:09:54,533
<i>Despite their theories, the Nazis
they didn't have a scientific test</i>

906
01:09:54,697 --> 01:09:58,007
<i>told them
who had Jewish blood or not.</i>

907
01:09:58,177 --> 01:10:01,055
<i>They found an innocent way
to discover it.</i>

908
01:10:01,737 --> 01:10:04,171
We had to fill out a form

909
01:10:04,337 --> 01:10:07,374
in which they asked
if we had Jewish grandparents.

910
01:10:07,537 --> 01:10:09,971
There was none,
So I said no.

911
01:10:10,137 --> 01:10:14,608
We went home without realizing that
we helped to trap the Jews,

912
01:10:16,097 --> 01:10:19,089
to make them vulnerable
and putting them in a situation

913
01:10:19,257 --> 01:10:22,055
in which they could later
be transported and gassed.

914
01:10:22,217 --> 01:10:24,128
We don't understand.

915
01:10:24,297 --> 01:10:27,926
After a year
better politicization,

916
01:10:28,617 --> 01:10:32,815
we hesitated as to what
that really meant.

917
01:10:33,097 --> 01:10:36,885
But the first impression was:
our age, our address,

918
01:10:37,057 --> 01:10:40,333
Grandfather of Jewish origin.
No? It's fine.

919
01:10:41,617 --> 01:10:45,895
It was a process
done step by step.

920
01:10:46,217 --> 01:10:49,209
The infiltration process

921
01:10:49,697 --> 01:10:51,972
of Nazism in society existed.

922
01:10:53,017 --> 01:10:55,451
<i>When identity cards
were issued,</i>

923
01:10:55,617 --> 01:10:59,212
<i>the Jews saw that theirs
they had a J - Jude -Jew.</i>

924
01:11:00,017 --> 01:11:03,930
It was terrible. It was the first time
that marked us.

925
01:11:04,137 --> 01:11:07,493
We had the identity card
and we had to walk with it

926
01:11:07,977 --> 01:11:11,094
and it was very special to have a J.

927
01:11:11,577 --> 01:11:15,331
For the first time,
we felt the difference.

928
01:11:16,457 --> 01:11:20,052
we were marked, because
they could ask us for the ticket

929
01:11:20,217 --> 01:11:23,015
and J was there.

930
01:11:23,537 --> 01:11:27,416
It was the first warning sign
that we had in our house.

931
01:11:29,817 --> 01:11:32,331
<i>In Poland, in September 1940,</i>

932
01:11:32,497 --> 01:11:34,806
<i>the Jews were again
taken from their homes.</i>

933
01:11:34,977 --> 01:11:37,696
<i>Deportation out of Europe
now it was impossible.</i>

934
01:11:37,857 --> 01:11:41,691
<i>Frank was ordered to become
prepare for another influx.</i>

935
01:11:41,977 --> 01:11:44,810
<i>Ordered that all Jews
were brought together</i>

936
01:11:44,977 --> 01:11:47,650
<i>and stuck
in closed ghettos.</i>

937
01:11:54,017 --> 01:11:56,008
<i>In every Polish city,</i>

938
01:11:56,177 --> 01:11:59,613
<i>a dilapidated area was
transformed into a Jewish enclosure.</i>

939
01:11:59,777 --> 01:12:04,168
<i>Frank told Hitler that this was just
could be a transitional measure.</i>

940
01:12:04,337 --> 01:12:06,373
<i>He had no more space.</i>

941
01:12:06,537 --> 01:12:09,893
<i>There had to be a final solution
to the Jewish problem,</i>

942
01:12:10,057 --> 01:12:13,652
<i>based on expectation
that they had to disappear.</i>

943
01:12:13,937 --> 01:12:17,725
<i>Build a 1.5 km2 wall
It wasn't easy in Warsaw.</i>

944
01:12:17,897 --> 01:12:20,411
<i>Tram routes
could not be diverted.</i>

945
01:12:20,577 --> 01:12:22,647
<i>They continued to pass
through the middle of the ghetto,</i>

946
01:12:22,817 --> 01:12:26,287
<i>with a bridge built above
for the Jews to cross.</i>

947
01:12:29,897 --> 01:12:34,015
<i>In Warsaw, in an area
which hosted 25 thousand people</i>

948
01:12:34,177 --> 01:12:36,008
<i>there were now 500 thousand.</i>

949
01:12:49,177 --> 01:12:52,010
There were only two wells of water.

950
01:12:52,257 --> 01:12:56,091
The ghetto was small.
When they took us there,

951
01:12:56,257 --> 01:12:59,249
put three families
with children in one room.

952
01:13:00,377 --> 01:13:03,289
Three families with children
in one room.

953
01:13:03,857 --> 01:13:05,370
We never slept.

954
01:13:19,857 --> 01:13:22,166
<i>When Frank passed
taking over Poland,</i>

955
01:13:22,337 --> 01:13:25,170
<i>ordered the Jews to elect
your own advice.</i>

956
01:13:25,337 --> 01:13:28,010
<i>The leaders of the Jewish community
hoped that, with the advice,</i>

957
01:13:28,177 --> 01:13:31,328
<i>could mitigate the worst
effects of German rule.</i>

958
01:13:35,497 --> 01:13:39,490
<i>They transmitted the orders of the Germans
and organized the work.</i>

959
01:13:39,657 --> 01:13:42,171
<i>In return, they could arrange
charity work,</i>

960
01:13:42,337 --> 01:13:45,215
<i>distribute rations
and reopen hospitals.</i>

961
01:13:45,457 --> 01:13:47,527
<i>But the Germans
made us responsible</i>

962
01:13:47,697 --> 01:13:50,416
<i>for carrying out Nazi orders.</i>

963
01:13:50,577 --> 01:13:53,216
<i>Well-intentioned men
they found themselves trapped.</i>

964
01:13:53,377 --> 01:13:55,811
<i>They had become the
authority that ran the ghetto</i>

965
01:13:55,977 --> 01:13:58,093
<i>in the name of the Nazis.</i>

966
01:14:03,857 --> 01:14:06,690
<i>Councils recruited
a Jewish police force.</i>

967
01:14:06,857 --> 01:14:09,052
<i>They had to supervise
the health part</i>

968
01:14:09,217 --> 01:14:12,448
<i>and apply price control.
But they also ended up realizing</i>

969
01:14:12,617 --> 01:14:15,450
<i>that they had to work
directly to the Germans.</i>

970
01:14:19,337 --> 01:14:21,487
Like my father
had a higher education,

971
01:14:21,657 --> 01:14:24,569
tried and succeeded
a place in the police force.

972
01:14:24,777 --> 01:14:26,654
Had to take a course

973
01:14:26,817 --> 01:14:29,695
and became official
of the Jewish Police Force.

974
01:14:32,897 --> 01:14:36,128
They had only passed
four or five weeks,

975
01:14:36,297 --> 01:14:39,369
when my father realized
What was your job really?

976
01:14:39,537 --> 01:14:42,176
as an officer
of the Jewish Police Force.

977
01:14:42,337 --> 01:14:44,487
I couldn't accept that.

978
01:14:44,657 --> 01:14:48,775
Innocently, I thought it was
It's just a matter of applying the order,

979
01:14:48,937 --> 01:14:52,054
to maintain order in a good way.

980
01:14:54,497 --> 01:14:58,331
But he saw that life in the ghetto
it was a life of animals,

981
01:14:58,497 --> 01:15:00,294
an animal life.

982
01:15:00,777 --> 01:15:04,326
And your work
was to oppress people.

983
01:15:05,097 --> 01:15:07,531
That's why he resigned.

984
01:15:09,977 --> 01:15:13,731
<i>The death penalty was applied
to the most trivial infractions.</i>

985
01:15:27,337 --> 01:15:30,488
<i>Whoever was found outside the
ghetto walls he was hanged,</i>

986
01:15:31,457 --> 01:15:34,051
<i>while others watched.</i>

987
01:15:42,217 --> 01:15:45,493
<i>The roots of the ghetto
they were worse than those in prison</i>

988
01:15:45,657 --> 01:15:49,536
<i>and the food was rejected because it was
"unfit for human consumption."</i>

989
01:15:49,697 --> 01:15:51,688
<i>Hungry children begged,</i>

990
01:15:51,857 --> 01:15:54,690
<i>they risked their lives
to get something to eat.</i>

991
01:16:18,217 --> 01:16:21,015
<i>Says a lot
Nazi mentality

992
01:16:21,177 --> 01:16:24,487
<i>the fact that they film life
in the ghettos with such detail,</i>

993
01:16:24,657 --> 01:16:28,366
<i>partly to keep as a record,
but especially for advertising,</i>

994
01:16:28,537 --> 01:16:31,256
<i>to end
with compassion for the Jews.</i>

995
01:16:31,817 --> 01:16:34,411
<i>With the right comment
and well-made assemblies,</i>

996
01:16:34,577 --> 01:16:38,934
<i>Jews were portrayed as
lazy, mercenary, evil,

997
01:16:39,097 --> 01:16:41,657
<i>naturally dirty
and full of diseases.</i>

998
01:16:41,817 --> 01:16:44,456
<i>They had to be isolated
for the good of others.</i>

999
01:16:44,617 --> 01:16:48,496
<i>"Jews, lice, typhus"
was the slogan.</i>

1000
01:16:52,417 --> 01:16:55,727
<i>The films were never finished.
Maybe someone noticed</i>

1001
01:16:55,897 --> 01:16:58,934
<i>that they could have
an effect contrary to that desired.</i>

1002
01:17:38,097 --> 01:17:40,930
I remember that my sister
youngest, whose name was Adela,

1003
01:17:41,097 --> 01:17:43,133
always asked for something to eat
It's my mother.

1004
01:17:43,297 --> 01:17:45,367
It said: "Bread, bread, bread."

1005
01:17:45,537 --> 01:17:47,448
And my mother
I had nothing to give him.

1006
01:17:47,617 --> 01:17:50,177
I understood the situation
and accepted it,

1007
01:17:50,337 --> 01:17:53,170
but Adela was three years younger
than me, I was eight years old.

1008
01:17:53,337 --> 01:17:56,056
I didn't want to accept that,
because I didn't understand.

1009
01:17:56,217 --> 01:17:59,892
I just screamed: "Bread, bread, bread!
Food!" But there was nothing.

1010
01:18:20,417 --> 01:18:22,169
<i>After a year,</i>

1011
01:18:22,337 --> 01:18:26,615
<i>one person in every ten
ghettos died of disease and hunger.</i>

1012
01:18:27,057 --> 01:18:31,573
<i>But Hans Frank insisted that they were
just a "transitional measure".</i>

1013
01:18:32,057 --> 01:18:34,969
<i>He continued to demand
a "final solution".</i>

1014
01:18:35,137 --> 01:18:37,935
<i>The Jews had to disappear.</i>

1015
01:18:46,977 --> 01:18:51,175
<i>June 22, 1941.
Hitler attacked Russia.</i>

1016
01:18:52,017 --> 01:18:54,656
<i>It was an event
political and biological</i>

1017
01:18:54,817 --> 01:18:58,014
<i>that Nazi philosophy
had declared it inevitable.</i>

1018
01:18:58,177 --> 01:19:01,886
<i>The struggle to determine the
future course of world history.</i>

1019
01:19:10,217 --> 01:19:13,015
<i>"The fight will be very different
of the struggle in the West, "</i>

1020
01:19:13,177 --> 01:19:15,372
<i>Hitler said to his generals.</i>

1021
01:19:15,537 --> 01:19:17,528
<i>Fast forward
in the first few weeks</i>

1022
01:19:17,697 --> 01:19:21,087
<i>and the millions of Russian prisoners
seemed to confirm the Nazi claim</i>

1023
01:19:21,257 --> 01:19:24,727
<i>that the communist system
it was corrupt and would fall apart.</i>

1024
01:19:24,897 --> 01:19:29,049
<i>That the German soldier
was superior to the subhuman Slav.</i>

1025
01:19:32,577 --> 01:19:37,367
<i>Himmler told his officers:
"This is a war of annihilation,</i>

1026
01:19:37,657 --> 01:19:41,650
<i>"carried out by Germany
as seed of the Teutonic race</i>

1027
01:19:41,817 --> 01:19:45,048
<i>"against subhuman enemies
from all over the world.</i>

1028
01:19:45,217 --> 01:19:49,005
<i>"We are more valuable than those
who outnumber us.</i>

1029
01:19:49,177 --> 01:19:51,168
<i>"We are more valuable,
because our blood</i>

1030
01:19:51,337 --> 01:19:55,296
<i>"allows us to invent more,
govern better than others.</i>

1031
01:19:57,977 --> 01:20:01,652
<i>"� here in the East
which is the decision.</i>

1032
01:20:01,817 --> 01:20:03,967
<i>"This is where the Russian enemy,</i>

1033
01:20:04,137 --> 01:20:07,493
<i>"these 200 million
they must be destroyed.</i>

1034
01:20:07,657 --> 01:20:10,854
<i>And, one by one, they must
make them bleed to death. "</i>

1035
01:20:21,537 --> 01:20:24,734
<i>Rosenberg, a prominent
Nazi racial theorist,</i>

1036
01:20:24,897 --> 01:20:29,015
<i>he was appointed Minister by Hitler
of the Occupied Territories to the East.</i>

1037
01:20:29,617 --> 01:20:31,926
<i>The plan was
split the Soviet Union</i>

1038
01:20:32,097 --> 01:20:35,453
<i>on separate racial reservations
and controlled by Germans.</i>

1039
01:20:49,057 --> 01:20:52,527
<i>The occupied territories to the east
would be treated as colonies,</i>

1040
01:20:52,697 --> 01:20:56,451
<i>inhabited not only by Germans,
but by Dutch, Scandinavians</i>

1041
01:20:56,617 --> 01:20:59,689
<i>and, after the war,
by British.</i>

1042
01:21:00,297 --> 01:21:04,495
<i>Colonizers would exploit
natives as cheap labor.</i>

1043
01:21:06,657 --> 01:21:09,490
<i>Slavic families
They had no rights.</i>

1044
01:21:09,657 --> 01:21:11,693
<i>They could be separated,
taken away</i>

1045
01:21:11,857 --> 01:21:14,610
<i>or put to work.
How the Germans decided.</i>

1046
01:21:30,097 --> 01:21:32,531
<i>Your children
they would have no instruction.</i>

1047
01:21:32,697 --> 01:21:35,530
<i>They just needed to know what
meaning of traffic signs,</i>

1048
01:21:35,697 --> 01:21:39,087
<i>the name of the capital of the Reich
and some words in German.</i>

1049
01:21:52,377 --> 01:21:54,368
<i>They would remain submissive</i>

1050
01:21:54,537 --> 01:21:56,846
<i>through a policy
of relentless relocation,</i>

1051
01:21:57,017 --> 01:22:00,487
<i>their rations would be reduced
below subsistence level.</i>

1052
01:22:00,657 --> 01:22:05,048
<i>Hitler said he would "undo centuries
of wrong humanitarianism."</i>

1053
01:22:28,897 --> 01:22:30,967
<i>In construction projects,</i>

1054
01:22:31,137 --> 01:22:33,776
<i>in factories and on farms,</i>

1055
01:22:33,937 --> 01:22:37,134
<i>the Slavs would be the servants
of a new feudal system.</i>

1056
01:22:48,537 --> 01:22:51,847
<i>The SS would be the new order
of the Teutonic Knights.</i>

1057
01:22:52,297 --> 01:22:55,972
<i>After the war, they could govern
the new empire in armed forts.</i>

1058
01:22:56,137 --> 01:22:57,616
<i>In Himmler's view,</i>

1059
01:22:57,777 --> 01:23:00,086
<i>drink the milk
from the wild water of the steppe,</i>

1060
01:23:00,257 --> 01:23:02,566
<i>generate pure-blood children.</i>

1061
01:23:02,817 --> 01:23:04,808
<i>The Nazis didn't see
need to treat</i>

1062
01:23:04,977 --> 01:23:07,696
<i>the millions of Russian prisoners
as human beings.</i>

1063
01:23:07,857 --> 01:23:10,371
<i>Closed in temporary enclosures
like animals,</i>

1064
01:23:10,537 --> 01:23:13,210
<i>it didn't matter to them whether they died.</i>

1065
01:23:24,577 --> 01:23:27,375
<i>For Hitler, war
against the Soviet Union</i>

1066
01:23:27,537 --> 01:23:30,893
<i>it was a racial fight
and ideological until death.</i>

1067
01:23:31,217 --> 01:23:33,856
<i>In Russia, there were millions of Jews.</i>

1068
01:23:34,017 --> 01:23:35,973
<i>During planning
of the Russian campaign,</i>

1069
01:23:36,137 --> 01:23:38,446
<i>he had reached a fatal decision.</i>

1070
01:23:38,617 --> 01:23:41,336
<i>The pressure to arrange
a "final solution" remained.</i>

1071
01:23:41,497 --> 01:23:44,011
<i>They had to get rid of the Jews.</i>

1072
01:23:44,177 --> 01:23:46,566
<i>Use war to cover up
their murder.</i>

1073
01:23:54,617 --> 01:23:57,927
There were three million
of Jews in Poland.

1074
01:23:59,137 --> 01:24:02,095
Soon after came the Russian campaign

1075
01:24:02,257 --> 01:24:05,055
and we found five million more
of Jews in Russia.

1076
01:24:05,857 --> 01:24:09,008
How do we put those
eight million to emigrate,

1077
01:24:09,217 --> 01:24:12,732
using methods
time-consuming and official,

1078
01:24:12,937 --> 01:24:15,497
if we couldn't,
as planned,

1079
01:24:15,657 --> 01:24:17,773
after the war,

1080
01:24:17,937 --> 01:24:22,453
organize a general emigration,
organized and protected

1081
01:24:22,617 --> 01:24:24,448
to Madagascar?

1082
01:24:25,017 --> 01:24:29,010
We had conquered France
and we would have compensated her well.

1083
01:24:29,177 --> 01:24:33,853
We gave them one of our colonies
in exchange for Madagascar.

1084
01:24:34,017 --> 01:24:37,612
The island was big enough
to accommodate the eight million.

1085
01:24:37,857 --> 01:24:42,806
But they cut off our exits at
war. We had no alternative.

1086
01:24:44,177 --> 01:24:48,614
<i>Himmler agreed that the solution
The logic was to kill the Jews.</i>

1087
01:24:48,777 --> 01:24:51,416
<i>Hitler gave him orders
using careful words.</i>

1088
01:24:51,577 --> 01:24:53,807
<i>He had to fulfill
certain special tasks,</i>

1089
01:24:53,977 --> 01:24:56,252
<i>due to necessity
to resolve the conflict</i>

1090
01:24:56,417 --> 01:24:59,329
<i>between two systems
opposing politicians.</i>

1091
01:24:59,497 --> 01:25:03,536
<i>Himmler ordered the creation of Squadrons
of Action, Einsatzgruppen, in the SS,</i>

1092
01:25:03,697 --> 01:25:06,211
<i>trained in techniques
of mass killing.</i>

1093
01:25:10,737 --> 01:25:13,888
<i>They could kill even
one hundred thousand people per month.</i>

1094
01:25:14,057 --> 01:25:16,127
<i>Himmler's assistant,
Heydrich,</i>

1095
01:25:16,297 --> 01:25:18,174
<i>trained them personally.</i>

1096
01:25:18,337 --> 01:25:20,851
<i>"Judaism in the East
was the origin of Bolshevism</i>

1097
01:25:21,017 --> 01:25:23,451
<i>and must therefore
be eliminated. "</i>

1098
01:25:28,497 --> 01:25:32,410
<i>The justification is that they were
to destroy fanatical communists.</i>

1099
01:25:32,577 --> 01:25:34,454
<i>The disguise was
who were involved</i>

1100
01:25:34,617 --> 01:25:37,051
<i>in anti-partisan operations.</i>

1101
01:25:37,217 --> 01:25:39,412
<i>The deaths had
to be kept secret.</i>

1102
01:25:39,577 --> 01:25:42,489
<i>The Nazis knew that, despite
of the years of racial education,</i>

1103
01:25:42,657 --> 01:25:45,171
<i>your people would not see
biological necessity</i>

1104
01:25:45,337 --> 01:25:48,454
<i>of killing men, women
and unarmed children.</i>

1105
01:25:50,697 --> 01:25:54,849
<i>Rivka Yosilevska was
in the Pinsk ghetto, Ukraine.</i>

1106
01:25:55,017 --> 01:25:57,770
<i>A killer brigade
arrived there in October 1942.</i>

1107
01:26:02,177 --> 01:26:04,213
We went to the courtyard.

1108
01:26:04,457 --> 01:26:07,369
We hear noise,
people talking too loud.

1109
01:26:07,737 --> 01:26:10,649
There were many Germans in the ghetto,
many Germans.

1110
01:26:17,537 --> 01:26:20,131
"What's going on?
What could it be?"

1111
01:26:20,297 --> 01:26:24,176
Everyone thought they were going to us
take everyone just to work.

1112
01:26:26,697 --> 01:26:30,087
I took some things
and dressed my daughter.

1113
01:26:30,457 --> 01:26:34,370
She was five years old
and dressed her in a good dress.

1114
01:26:34,577 --> 01:26:37,535
She said, "Mommy, why
Are you putting that dress on me?

1115
01:26:37,697 --> 01:26:40,291
"It's a Sabbath dress,
don't see me.

1116
01:26:40,457 --> 01:26:42,607
I don't want to wear
a Sabbath dress."

1117
01:26:45,777 --> 01:26:49,247
Two trucks arrived
and they opened the gates.

1118
01:26:49,697 --> 01:26:53,292
We were told to go up
for trucks.

1119
01:26:54,177 --> 01:26:57,055
Those who were sufficiently
strong ones managed to climb.

1120
01:26:57,217 --> 01:27:00,766
Those who did not have strength
They were thrown there like geese.

1121
01:27:01,857 --> 01:27:05,691
The truck was full
and the second truck came.

1122
01:27:06,377 --> 01:27:09,255
They filled the second
and they took off.

1123
01:27:12,817 --> 01:27:16,127
We lived at the bottom of the ghetto,
so we left it until the end.

1124
01:27:16,937 --> 01:27:18,734
We were among the last.

1125
01:27:24,697 --> 01:27:28,656
We arrived at the place
and what was seen was horrible.

1126
01:27:29,977 --> 01:27:32,093
What my eyes saw...

1127
01:27:33,137 --> 01:27:36,334
People who already had
arrived in two trucks

1128
01:27:36,497 --> 01:27:38,453
they were naked.

1129
01:27:38,617 --> 01:27:41,689
They had given the order to undress,
get out of the trucks,

1130
01:27:41,857 --> 01:27:45,327
leave the clothes there
and move to the side.

1131
01:27:46,017 --> 01:27:48,690
They were lined up in rows of four

1132
01:27:48,857 --> 01:27:51,052
and that's how they killed them.

1133
01:27:52,257 --> 01:27:54,771
They did that on a slope.

1134
01:27:54,937 --> 01:27:57,974
They killed them on a hillside
and people fall.

1135
01:27:58,657 --> 01:28:02,536
When I arrived at the place,
I wanted to see what was happening.

1136
01:28:02,857 --> 01:28:07,055
I stood on the slope and realized
that the time had come.

1137
01:28:07,617 --> 01:28:09,096
It was the end of us.

1138
01:28:10,257 --> 01:28:13,886
They were shooting,
people were dead.

1139
01:28:17,577 --> 01:28:20,330
My daughter was
all the time in my arms.

1140
01:28:20,497 --> 01:28:22,931
I found the strength to carry it.

1141
01:28:24,537 --> 01:28:27,415
She was so attached to me
I couldn't even undress.

1142
01:28:27,577 --> 01:28:29,613
She wouldn't leave me. Said:

1143
01:28:29,777 --> 01:28:33,656
"Let's run away, they will kill us.
Why should we stay here?"

1144
01:28:33,817 --> 01:28:36,615
She pushed me back.

1145
01:28:36,817 --> 01:28:39,570
"Why do people
Do they stand still and don't run away?

1146
01:28:39,737 --> 01:28:43,093
Why are they standing still?"
I couldn't speak.

1147
01:28:43,457 --> 01:28:47,166
I think I told him:
"Where should we flee?"

1148
01:28:47,657 --> 01:28:51,491
Some people tried to escape,
but they wouldn't let me.

1149
01:28:51,697 --> 01:28:55,451
There were many Germans guarding us.
There were many Germans.

1150
01:28:56,417 --> 01:29:00,012
But they had also managed to gather
non-Jews from various cities

1151
01:29:00,177 --> 01:29:02,407
to make sure
that we do not run away from.

1152
01:29:03,777 --> 01:29:07,008
They were a species
of police force.

1153
01:29:07,257 --> 01:29:10,294
We ended up undressing.
We had no alternative.

1154
01:29:11,377 --> 01:29:14,369
My father didn't want to undress.

1155
01:29:14,617 --> 01:29:17,973
They beat him up
until he falls still dressed.

1156
01:29:18,697 --> 01:29:21,495
They began to strip him naked.

1157
01:29:21,737 --> 01:29:24,012
My mother started screaming.

1158
01:29:24,657 --> 01:29:28,650
We beg you to take off your clothes
so they don't hit you.

1159
01:29:33,097 --> 01:29:35,691
They ended up tearing their clothes.

1160
01:29:37,977 --> 01:29:40,855
Because of him,
they beat us all,

1161
01:29:41,017 --> 01:29:44,532
because he had been stubborn
and had refused to undress.

1162
01:29:46,857 --> 01:29:50,167
And that's what happened
until our turn comes.

1163
01:29:55,337 --> 01:29:59,489
There were around 500 of us.
Our turn has come.

1164
01:30:01,457 --> 01:30:05,211
I moved forward and saw my father disappear,

1165
01:30:05,737 --> 01:30:09,969
my mother being killed,
my sisters being killed.

1166
01:30:11,017 --> 01:30:14,487
My sister was very beautiful,
it was beautiful.

1167
01:30:15,017 --> 01:30:19,772
The German looked her in the eyes and
she begged him to let her go.

1168
01:30:20,057 --> 01:30:23,254
"Don't kill me. Let me live."

1169
01:30:25,577 --> 01:30:28,569
It was no use.
She was killed.

1170
01:30:33,577 --> 01:30:36,694
Then I went up with
my daughter in my arms.

1171
01:30:36,977 --> 01:30:39,445
He told me
to put it on the ground.

1172
01:30:41,977 --> 01:30:44,775
I wanted to, but she wouldn't let me go.

1173
01:30:49,617 --> 01:30:53,326
He hid his head to
not see what they were going to do to him.

1174
01:30:54,857 --> 01:30:59,055
I remember him pulling her
It's strength and standing up.

1175
01:31:00,657 --> 01:31:03,455
Shot him or not.

1176
01:31:04,577 --> 01:31:06,374
I neither saw nor heard.

1177
01:31:10,017 --> 01:31:12,167
Then he shot me.

1178
01:31:12,337 --> 01:31:14,692
I stood there
and I heard a shot.

1179
01:31:15,137 --> 01:31:16,331
It didn't touch me.

1180
01:31:18,177 --> 01:31:21,328
Another shot. I fell.

1181
01:31:23,057 --> 01:31:26,686
He killed everyone
us here, on the back of the head.

1182
01:31:26,897 --> 01:31:29,775
He didn't kill people all together.

1183
01:31:30,537 --> 01:31:33,051
Every German
killed one person at a time

1184
01:31:33,217 --> 01:31:35,253
on the back of the neck, back here.

1185
01:31:36,417 --> 01:31:39,170
Ca�. It was over.

1186
01:31:45,617 --> 01:31:50,372
I was lying in the ditch
and I felt like I felt something.

1187
01:31:50,897 --> 01:31:54,014
I didn't believe
that she could be alive.

1188
01:31:59,097 --> 01:32:03,693
I thought she was dead and that a
dead person felt something.

1189
01:32:04,057 --> 01:32:05,649
But it wasn't that.

1190
01:32:07,057 --> 01:32:10,129
Minutes later,
I felt like I was being suffocated,

1191
01:32:10,337 --> 01:32:14,296
I felt a very heavy weight.
I was suffocating.

1192
01:32:16,657 --> 01:32:19,694
Would I be able to get out of there?

1193
01:32:19,857 --> 01:32:24,089
Maybe I can come up with something.
An arm or a leg.

1194
01:32:24,497 --> 01:32:25,930
But how?

1195
01:32:26,137 --> 01:32:29,129
There were piles of bodies
on top of me

1196
01:32:29,297 --> 01:32:31,606
and they fall more and more.

1197
01:32:31,777 --> 01:32:35,736
But when a person feels
suffocating and wants to save himself

1198
01:32:35,897 --> 01:32:38,172
starts to turn around.

1199
01:32:39,617 --> 01:32:42,927
There were many people there
that must have been injured

1200
01:32:43,097 --> 01:32:45,611
and also they
They helped me get up.

1201
01:32:46,537 --> 01:32:49,449
This made it easier to get up.

1202
01:32:50,937 --> 01:32:53,405
I felt like I could
raise an arm,

1203
01:32:53,577 --> 01:32:56,216
that I could stand up a little.

1204
01:32:56,457 --> 01:33:00,052
I started to turn around
in this direction and that

1205
01:33:00,697 --> 01:33:05,134
and I tried not to suffocate, because I was
lying in a pool of blood.

1206
01:33:05,337 --> 01:33:07,373
A puddle full of blood.

1207
01:33:13,657 --> 01:33:17,411
That's how I stayed all night,
under corpses.

1208
01:33:17,617 --> 01:33:19,528
I couldn't get out.

1209
01:33:20,457 --> 01:33:24,689
In the morning,
the corpses had settled.

1210
01:33:25,177 --> 01:33:28,135
It was easier for me
lift a little.

1211
01:33:28,777 --> 01:33:31,211
I found some strength
inside me.

1212
01:33:31,577 --> 01:33:35,092
I don't know where I got the strength
to leave.

1213
01:33:35,257 --> 01:33:39,170
I didn't know anything.
I started to crawl.

1214
01:33:45,177 --> 01:33:49,489
<i>Rivka Yosilevska got it
crawl out of the ditch.</i>

1215
01:33:49,737 --> 01:33:53,207
<i>A peasant
found her and treated her.</i>

1216
01:33:53,617 --> 01:33:56,609
<i>She passed
the rest of the war hidden.</i>

1217
01:34:02,577 --> 01:34:05,694
<i>These deaths left the Germans
with a lack of labor.</i>

1218
01:34:05,857 --> 01:34:08,132
<i>Many of the Jews arrested
were specialized workers</i>

1219
01:34:08,297 --> 01:34:10,936
<i>that could be used
in weapons factories.</i>

1220
01:34:11,097 --> 01:34:13,406
<i>There was a conflict of objectives.
Government officials,</i>

1221
01:34:13,577 --> 01:34:15,693
<i>concerned about
war production,</i>

1222
01:34:15,857 --> 01:34:18,849
<i>they said that the war effort
should be first.</i>

1223
01:34:19,017 --> 01:34:21,656
<i>Even the Action Squadrons
They said that sometimes

1224
01:34:21,817 --> 01:34:25,492
<i>"is not possible in this
labor shortage situation</i>

1225
01:34:25,657 --> 01:34:30,412
<i>avoid saving temporarily
the lives of Jewish workers. "</i>

1226
01:34:31,457 --> 01:34:35,052
<i>Himmler agreed to the use of Jews
as labor,</i>

1227
01:34:35,217 --> 01:34:39,335
<i>but only if that didn't interfere
with the progress of the Final Solution.</i>

1228
01:34:39,457 --> 01:34:41,095
<i>High priority</i>

1229
01:34:41,257 --> 01:34:43,407
<i>it was to use the opportunity
that the war provided

1230
01:34:43,577 --> 01:34:47,252
<i>to get rid of the Jews
once and for all.</i>

1231
01:34:53,000 --> 01:34:56,500
Translation and Subtitling:
Sara Morna Gon�alves / SINTAGMA - CCBS Multim�dia

1232
01:34:56,501 --> 01:35:00,001
Subtitles ripped and adapted by:
boi_cavalo